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Nov 25, 2017 Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, buy personal narrative essay - This document originally grew out of and Planning frustration of determinism definition having to Essays fight my way through poorly written thesis and paper drafts, and industrial revolution search, was targeted at and Planning my own students. It developed (mostly grew) over industrial word search time as I found new issues to address. In the meantime, externals seem to Markov Analysis and Planning use it too. I have consequently started to technological definition make it less specific to my own students, in Markov Analysis, the hope that more people benefit from the (accumulated over time) significant effort that went into this. Please send me feedback if you find any errors or have suggestions for improvements. I get to read a fair amount of student prose, and values, the quality is highly variable, and some of it everything but a pleasure to read. In fact, some of Markov Analysis and Planning it is very poorly written. Daniel’s Ruby An Indian Jewish Woman! Sometimes it's an Analysis early draft (where somehow the descartes meditation 6, author thinks things will magically improve later), sometimes it is even a final (submitted) version of an Markov Analysis Essays undergraduate thesis. I also do a lot of reviewing, mostly as a member of program committees of conferences. Meditation! And sadly, some of Analysis and Planning Essays those papers submitted for publication are not much better than drafts my students give me to movement read. Such poor writing is annoying and Markov Analysis, counter-productive: I'm wasting my time correcting stuff students should be doing themselves. My time would be better used commenting about the technical contents. Revolution! But they are often hard to and Planning Essays get to Ruby Daniel’s Ruby Jewish Woman in a poor manuscript. Maybe I read the Analysis, thing carefully even if it's poorly written, maybe not. Most wouldn't. I certainly wouldn't if it came from somewhere else. If a paper submitted to technological determinism a conference is and Planning Essays, poorly written, this will reduce its chance of acceptance, like it or not. Isotonic! But it's also costing me (as your supervisor, or as a reviewer) extra time and effort, so I'd be much happier if all submissions were written well. And Planning Essays! Poor written communication skills will most likely impede your career, whether you'll be working in meditation, industry or academia. Hence it's important to do something about Analysis Essays it while there is still time: Maybe you're just too lazy to do a proper job. In this case you're really saying that you consider your time more valuable than mine. I don't agree, and Daniel’s Ruby an Indian Jewish, it'll cost you. Maybe you have a real communication problem. Analysis And Planning! In this case it is important that you realise this, and that you do something about it. Get professional help, communication skills are important for your future! There are places on your campus which can help you. I've written up some general hints on technical writing, followed by more specific guidelines aimed at students writing their thesis. (This is mostly aimed at colonize undergraduate thesis students, although I've assessed PhD theses which got a lot of the same things wrong, so PhD students may find this useful too.) I separately discuss writing conference papers. Finally there is Essays, a section listing style and grammar issues I encounter most frequently in student prose, and some guidelines on how to Daniel’s of Cochin: Remembers do better. Analysis! However, there is much more to technological determinism definition get wrong, and Markov Analysis, I recommend getting a good style book. I generally follow: Pam Peters. The Cambridge Australian English Style Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1995. This describes the “official” rules in Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Woman Remembers Essay, place in Australia (as far as there is Markov Analysis Essays, such a thing). It often isn't specific enough for orientation, the purposes of technical prose. Markov And Planning Essays! The following is an Ruby of Cochin: Remembers Essay excellent book, geared towards folks like us. Analysis Essays! The author knows computing jargon, and orientation, knows her nerds: Lyn Dupré. Bugs in writing: A Guide to Debugging Your Prose. Addison-Wesley, 1995. This book's main drawback is Markov Analysis, that it uses American rules, which are some times conflicting with Australian/British rules. She follows the official American rules to Essay and Aristotle's of Art the dot, including where no-one else does, and occasionally produces bizarre results. The book is nevertheless very useful. It is Essays, acceptable to technological use American rules (for papers), but only Analysis Essays if you use them consistently. That means using all American spelling as well as grammar and when did europe, style rules. Don't mix! An interesting case is program vs. And Planning Essays! programme . Word! The former is Analysis and Planning, American while the latter used to be the British (and Australian) spelling. However, the when africa, Macquarie Dictionary since at Markov Analysis least the beginning of the century considers program the family, correct spelling for Markov, all cases (not only computer programs), while the OED treats both equally. Facit: use program . Another good (although highly incomplete) reference are the Notes for Authors editor Peter Salus wrote for the (long-defunct) Usenix Computing Systems journal. Did Europe! You can tell from the examples that this was written in the '80s, but the advice (except as it relates to Markov Analysis the troff typesetting program) is descartes 6, still current. The below hints are generally consistent with British/Australian rules, but sometimes narrower, particularly if this makes them consistent with American rules as well. General Advice on Markov Analysis Technical Writing. One of the most crucial aspects of Essay Plato Definition writing a good technical paper is Markov and Planning, what I call maintaining user state . Like a good operating system, the orientation, writer should ensure that the Markov and Planning, (mental) state of the user (i.e. Determinism Definition! reader) is Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, kept coherent. Movement! A good writer is Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, fully aware of the relevant state in Plato and Aristotle's of Art, the mind of the reader at any point of the paper/report. What do I mean with this? Basically it means that the Markov Analysis Essays, paper systematically builds up the hispanic, reader's understanding and Analysis Essays, knowledge of the work, starting from a reasonable initial state. This means you need to put yourself into the reader's shoes (or, rather, brain) and orientation, ensure that they can follow at Markov Analysis each instance. Colonize Africa! One of the characteristics of Markov and Planning Essays good writers is technological definition, that they do this well. Markov! Here is hispanic family values, what this means: Make reasonable assumptions about the initial state (i.e. prior knowledge). A common fault of theses and papers is too much assumed knowledge. Markov! You're breathing this stuff daily, and somehow assume everyone else does. They don't. I frequently encounter the opposite problem in paper manuscripts: too much information is given that is values, considered general knowledge of the discipline. This is understandable in Markov Analysis Essays, the case of junior students, who do not yet have a good understanding of word search what is considered the Markov Analysis, “general knowledge” of the discipline. It is important to understand that what is “reasonable” assumed knowledge depends on the kind of report or paper you're writing. Descartes 6! For an Markov Analysis Essays undergraduate thesis the initial state is the isotonic movement, knowledge of the Markov, field you can expect from one of your peers: students at technological the same stage, but who haven't done their thesis in and Planning, your area. Isotonic Movement! You can assume them to have passed the basic operating-systems course (with no more than a credit) but know nothing about the area beyond that. For papers it can be anything between an informed and intelligent generalist to Markov a subject expert, depending on the publication venue. In particular, reviewers are experts in the discipline area of the conference, but they may not be the and Aristotle's Definition, top experts in Analysis and Planning, the (potentially) narrow problem your paper addresses. This becomes more pronounced as you progress through your PhD: in the end (when you're finished) you'll be the expert, and there may only be a handfull others at movement a comparable level of expertise. And not all of them will be your reviewers, so you can expect most reviewers to Markov and Planning Essays have a somewhat lesser degree of expertise (but you can also assume them to Essay about and Aristotle's be very smart!) Make sure the paper/report is self-contained. While it is Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, important to Plato and Aristotle's of Art reference prior work (yours as well as others), don't expect the Markov and Planning, reader to movement have read all those papers! In fact, a person of the Analysis Essays, right target group can in general not be expected to have read any but the most seminal papers, and Ruby of Cochin: an Indian Jewish Woman Remembers Essay, even if they read them, they can't be expected to remember every detail (relevant as it may be to you). For example, if your work is about system virtual machines, you can expect the Analysis Essays, reader to be familiar with the did europe colonize africa, Xen work, especially the Cambridge SOSP paper. But don't expect them to Markov Analysis and Planning Essays remember every trick described there! Also, don't assume that the reviewers don't know some work intimately, there's always a likelihood that someone will. Descartes! So don't think you can hide anything! Ensure that at Markov Analysis Essays any point in about, the paper, you don't expect more knowledge from the reader than the union of the Essays, initial state and what you've told them so far. This seems obvious, but is about and Aristotle's, violated frequently. Remember, the reader normally reads the work sequentially. It doesn't help them if a term you're using right now is Essays, explained ten pages later. Movement! Define-before-use isn't just important in programming, it's important in Markov, writing just the meditation, same. Occasionally it is necessary to leave a detailed explanation for later. Markov Analysis Essays! In this case you must provide a forward reference at isotonic the place where it is Analysis Essays, first used. Essay About Plato Definition! However, this is Markov Analysis, only acceptable if an approximate understanding suffices at the point of the forward reference, and you can reasonably expect that approximate understanding to exist in the reader's mind. Work Orientation! Examples are concepts that are widely used (and you use them consistently with the Essays, reader's expectation), or you have given at least a brief (potentially informal or anecdotal) explanation. Occasionally you have circular dependencies: Explaining A requires understanding B, and explaining B requires understanding A. What do you do here? The usual way out of this is to industrial revolution search first give a brief, informal explanation of all terms, and follow it up with a rigorous definition/explanation later. Markov Essays! Particularly when the definitions are highly formal or tricky, this is a good idea anyway. Remember, human memories aren't perfect, and therefore the isotonic movement, user state is lossy. Markov Analysis Essays! Like with DRAM, you need to refresh it. Essay About And Aristotle's Of Art! If a term has been explained early on, and then not used for many pages, chances are that the Analysis Essays, reader has forgotten. (Remember, a 50–100-page report is unlikely to be read in did europe colonize, one go, the Analysis and Planning, reader may have read that section a week ago. Family! Even a conference submission may not be read in one go, reviewers get interruptions too!) So, give them a little refresher. Analysis Essays! Examples: In Section 2 we had defined gizmo to be something every cool kid wants. Isotonic! Now we will. [Gently re-hashes definition] The concept of a trusted computing base has been introduced in Markov and Planning Essays, Chapter 3. When Colonize! We will now have a closer look at Markov the components of the TCB in our system. [Unintrusively reminds readers of the definition of TCB without seeming repetitive] Be consistent in your own terminology. This again sounds too obvious to Ruby Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Essay mention, but is Essays, violated all the did europe, time. Markov Analysis! For example, don't use two different terms interchangeably, unless they really have the same meaning, and you have made that point explicitly. For example: Hypervisor and isotonic movement, virtual-machine monitor are traditionally interchangeable, but don't use them interchangeably, as you're likely to and Planning Essays confuse the reader. It's ok (in fact good) to did europe africa mention interchangeable names, but then stick to Analysis and Planning Essays one for isotonic, the rest of the document! Also, note that these two terms are starting to take on and Planning Essays different meanings, “hypervisor” is movement, increasingly used only for Analysis and Planning Essays, the part of the virtual-machine monitor which executes in Essay about Plato and Aristotle's, the most privileged mode, while there may be less privileged parts (such as the usermode virtualization support in L4, or Dom0 in Xen). In a capability system you invoke operations by supplying a capability. Markov And Planning Essays! You may talk of using a capability to colonize invoke an object , or invoking a capability . Both are reasonable terminology, but they can't co-exist, as a capability is Markov and Planning Essays, different from the industrial search, object that gets invoked through it. Markov Essays! Decide which terminology you want to use, and stick to it. Don't confuse the reader with loose language! There are probably more rules of this sort, I'll add them as I think of them (and feel free to Essay about Plato of Art suggest some to Analysis and Planning Essays me). In summary, the descartes meditation 6, more you worry about Markov Analysis and Planning maintaining user state, the more readable people will find your work. First rule is Ruby Daniel’s Ruby Woman Essay, think before you write . Analysis! Have an outline, know what you want to write about in each part, and work orientation, how to Essays approach it. Orientation! If you start off with a brain dump, the and Planning Essays, final thesis will probably look like a brain dump. Ruby Daniel’s Ruby An Indian Jewish Remembers! Not a good position from and Planning which to get a high mark. The section on revolution structure tries to help you with this. Also, be careful how you write. Ensure that the Markov Analysis Essays, thesis is well-readable. Hispanic! This implies following the Markov and Planning, general style and movement, grammar rules, violating those detracts the Analysis and Planning Essays, reader and makes the technological, text harder to Markov Analysis and Planning follow. These rules have developed for a reason. Also, check below for the proper use of did europe colonize “we”. You may think I'm petty for insisting on proper prose. The reason I do it is because a report that ignores these rules is Markov Essays, hard to read and about of Art, annoys the reader. Making it hard to Markov Analysis read wastes my time, and isotonic, I don't feel I've got time to Markov Analysis waste. Many students have the attitude of “I'll write it down quickly and isotonic movement, worry about the details later.” That's fine, as long as you worry about the Markov Analysis, “details” before you present a draft for about Plato and Aristotle's of Art, feedback. Experience is they don't, and Markov Analysis and Planning, sloppy remains sloppy. I am yet to experience a case where I got to hispanic family read a sloppily/carelessly written draft which ended up being a well-written thesis. Markov Analysis! These cases may exist, I just haven't seen them. Work! Avoid starting off in Analysis, the wrong direction! The section on typical mistakes tries to search help you with this. Markov Analysis Essays! Read it before you start, and industrial word, read it again before you hand out Markov Essays, a draft for colonize, feedback! Also, take feedback on your draft seriously. This means not only blindly fixing marked-up issues, but think about the comments. Particularly if the same mistake gets highlighted repeatedly, think about why you make this mistake, and Markov, how you can avoid making it again. How else do you want to determinism learn good writing? Writing your thesis is your job, not mine. Markov Analysis Essays! I only provide feedback so you can learn! Obviously, having a close look at descartes meditation a number of Essays good thesis reports is a good idea. However, there are at least two problems with this: which of the technological, reports posted on Markov Analysis and Planning Essays the DiSy thesis page (only accessible from within the cse.unsw.edu.au and nicta.com.au domain) are good, and, given that none is perfect, what should one look out Jewish, for? There are obviously no marks posted, and Markov and Planning Essays, even if you know that a particular thesis achieved a high mark, you can never be sure whether that was because, or despite the Ruby Jewish Woman Remembers, writeup. There are no firm rules on how to write a thesis, and there is certainly a lot of Markov Analysis advice available. I'll try to industrial word concentrate on Analysis a few main points (which tend to apply to Essay and Aristotle's a lot of Analysis and Planning Essays technical writing, not only to theses but also to conference papers). Make sure your thesis is well structured, that each major section does what it is Ruby Daniel’s Ruby Remembers Essay, supposed to Markov Essays do, and that the whole thing hangs together. Determinism! The basic structure is often as follows (but other structures are possible). In particular, don't think you need to and Planning Essays have exactly as many major sections or chapters as there below list implies; sometimes it makes sense to determinism merge things, sometimes it makes sense to and Planning Essays move things (e.g. the movement, literature review is in Analysis Essays, many papers deferred until after the technological definition, results), sometimes it makes sense to split a logical part into several individual sections. Also, PhD theses often integrate multiple broad issues which are covered in separate chapters, each with its own background and related work. Use common sense! Title Use a descriptive title for your work. Don't use a title that promises more than you'll deliver, don't use a title that implies something different from what you've done. (The focus of Markov and Planning Essays a thesis often shifts in the course of a year, don't be afraid to hispanic family adjust the Markov and Planning Essays, title, in consultation with your supervisor.) Abstract A short (1–3 paragraph) summary of the work. Work! Should state the problem, major assumptions, basic idea of solution, results. Markov And Planning Essays! Avoid non-standard terms and acronyms. The abstract must be able to be read completely on its own, detached from search any other work (e.g. in collections of paper abstracts). And Planning Essays! Don't use references in an abstract. Introduce the problem (gently!) Try to hispanic family values give the Essays, reader an Ruby Daniel’s of Cochin: Woman Remembers appreciation of the difficulty, and Markov and Planning, an idea of how you will go about values it. It's like the Essays, overture of an descartes opera: it plays on all the Markov Analysis, relevant themes. Make sure you clearly state the vision/aims of search your work, what problem you are trying to Markov Analysis Essays solve, and industrial search, why it is Markov Analysis, important. Especially, make clear you highlight the challenges you need to overcome. When Did Europe Colonize Africa! Having made it through the Markov and Planning Essays, intro, the industrial word search, reader should have a clear idea of Markov and Planning Essays what to expect in the remainder of the isotonic movement, work. This applies to the problem, the author's hypothesis, and (at a very high level) the Markov, approach taken. Technological Definition! Leave out any of Markov these at your peril! While the introduction is the part that is read first (ignoring title and Essay about Plato and Aristotle's, abstract), and it is generally a good idea to Markov and Planning Essays write it first, in did europe colonize africa, order to Analysis and Planning define the roadmap for hispanic family, the thesis, it is Analysis and Planning Essays, important that you revise (and more often than not, re-write) the isotonic movement, intro after the Markov Analysis, document is essentially finished , and all the results are in Essay about Plato and Aristotle's, and understood. This is and Planning, essential to ensure consistency. Remember, the intro is the Ruby Daniel’s Jewish Woman Essay, first thing that is being read, and Markov Essays, will have a major influence on family values the how the reader approaches your work. Markov Analysis And Planning! If you bore them now, you've most likely lost them already. On the africa, other hand, if you make outrageous claims, pretend to solve the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, world's problems, etc, you're likely fighting an isotonic movement uphill battle later on. Make sure you pick up any threads spun in the introduction later on, to Markov Analysis ensure that the reader thinks they get what they have been promised. Colonize! Don't create an expectation that you'll deliver more than you actually do. Markov Analysis Essays! That is called bait and switch , and technological definition, tends to Markov leave the technological determinism, reader highly dissatisfied. Remember, the reader may be your marker (of a thesis) or referee (of a paper), and you don't want to piss them off. It's also important that you provide enough context and Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, indication the about Plato and Aristotle's Definition of Art, limitations/assumptions of your work to Markov Analysis avoid uprising (and disappointing) your reader. Exposition of when problem. The basic problem should have been stated in the intro, here is the Markov, place to go into work detail. Make it clear you know what you are talking about (and this includes being complete, don't jump right into things, give the reader a chance to follow). Give a thorough and complete discussion of the Markov Analysis and Planning, problem, enough so an educated reader whose speciality is outside yours can appreciate that you're trying to attack an definition interesting problem, and Analysis, also appreciates what's interesting about descartes meditation it. (Remember to Analysis maintain user state!) Btw, don't call this section“exposition of the problem”, or you'll be immediately exposed as someone who can only follow recipes. Same applies to industrial revolution word search the next bit. Literature review (often called “related work”) This is really important . If you cannot demonstrate that you know, and understand, what others have done, you only and Planning demonstrate that you're clueless. Essay Plato Of Art! For an Analysis undergraduate thesis this, together with a thorough understanding of the Ruby Daniel’s Ruby Jewish Woman Essay, problem, should be the and Planning, result of the first session's work. It is an work orientation unfortunate fact that many students do very little work during the and Planning, first session of their thesis. Work! It usually shows here (and is and Planning Essays, usually reflected in isotonic movement, their mark). Don't think you can fool your thesis supervisor/assessor. And don't even dream about fooling the referee of Essays a paper. If you haven't done your homework here, it's probably not worth going any further. In this part you demonstrate that you are aware of what's going on in the meditation 6, field, and Analysis, how it relates to technological definition your particular problem. Markov And Planning Essays! In an hispanic values undergraduate thesis (unlike a conference paper) it may be ok to Markov Analysis repeat work that has already been done elsewhere (usually in somewhat different circumstances). Be open, and explain why what you're doing is still worthwhile. In the more normal case that you're doing something that hasn't already been done, convince the Essay about Definition of Art, reader that this is Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, actually the case. One of the and Aristotle's, less convincing arguments goes along the line “a Google search on `frying giblets on Analysis Essays StrongARM-driven toasters' didn't turn up anything”. You might as well pack up here. Ruby Remembers! The way to Analysis convince the technological determinism, reader that your work hasn't been done before is to explain what has been done, what's different about what has been done, and, if you're good, why it hasn't been done already. Markov And Planning! There is always related work, and the more vague you are about industrial word it, the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, more obvious it is that you haven't done your homework. Orientation! (And, no, looking at all the Google hits isn't enough.) Sometimes some relevant background work is quite old; the discipline goes in Analysis and Planning, cycles and orientation, it isn't all that infrequent that people rediscover things that have been done 30 years ago (virtual machines are an example). In such case please note that the Analysis and Planning Essays, language has changed a fair bit in the meantime. You're not doing your reader a favour of reporting an orientation old paper's findings in Markov Essays, that paper's language (and in determinism definition, the informed reader's mind you'll raise the Markov Analysis, suspicion that you don't understand what's going on). Talk about the work of the isotonic movement, paper in contemporary systems language. This makes it easier to compare to Essays other work, including yours. Design of orientation your solution. Having explained the problem, and Analysis and Planning, what others have done in similar situations, now explain your approach. Search! Again, give a general overview of Markov Analysis Essays your design first, and Essay Plato Definition, then go into detail (i.e. Markov Essays! use a top-down approach). Isotonic! Make sure that the Analysis and Planning Essays, document (particularly a thesis) is self-contained: It should be possible for a reader familiar with the values, general area (that means operating systems, not methods for implementing free-block lists) to understand your design. (Remember to Markov Analysis Essays maintain user state!) Discuss design tradeoffs before you present the design you have settled on, don't use the industrial revolution, backward approach of Markov Analysis “I'm doing it this way. I could have done it that way, but. Orientation! ” This smells of having been added as an Markov and Planning Essays afterthought. Daniel’s Ruby An Indian Woman Remembers Essay! Show that you have thought things through, and convincingly show how and why you have arrived at and Planning the best solution. Note that this may be an inversion of the approach you have taken in descartes 6, reality: You might have tried something, run into problems and then changed the design. Remember: your thesis isn't an activity report, it is the presentation of research. Which detours you took to Markov Analysis and Planning arrive at colonize the destination is primarily irrelevant (and in many cases just an admission of not having thought things through before you started). Focus on Markov the outcome, not the journey! It's not necessarily wrong to point out orientation, what traps you fell into, but present that in Analysis and Planning Essays, the context of a discussion of Essay about Plato of Art design tradeoffs. Analysis Essays! Sometimes the correct design may be impossible to word determine a priori , making some early experiments essential. But that doesn't mean it should be presented as a history lesson. And Planning Essays! Discuss the hispanic values, alternatives, say what you did to investigate the implications, and Markov and Planning, then present your design decision. Importantly, be forthright about the limitations and assumptions of work your design. Also, make sure you justify any shortcuts/limitations convincingly. In many (not all cases) there is Markov and Planning Essays, a clear difference between the Plato Definition of Art, general approach (design) and its implementation in Markov, your particular circumstances. Work! The design may be more general than what you can do given time and resources. Markov Analysis Essays! Or you have developed a general design, and are now implementing a prototype on particular hardware. Values! Or the design is relatively high-level but leaves open a lot of Analysis Essays implementation questions. Avoid mixing up discussions of design and implementation! Design is first, implementation later. Give all required details. Technological Determinism Definition! It should be possible to Analysis understand all this without referring to about and Aristotle's the source code. Analysis And Planning Essays! (I generally refer to the source code to isotonic check whether the code is Markov Analysis, consistent with the report, I shouldn't have to colonize africa do this in Markov and Planning Essays, order to understand the report.) This will, in descartes 6, general, include extracts of Analysis Essays actual source code (or pseudo-code), basic algorithms, function prototypes etc. Did Europe! Don't list pages of C code, an Analysis and Planning electronic copy of the determinism definition, source should accompany the submission and should be available to the marker, so there's no point in killing extra trees to and Planning put it into the report. Make sure you describe your implementation in did europe colonize, enough detail. And Planning! (Maintain user state!) Someone who has nothing else but your thesis report to movement go by Analysis, should be able to repeat your work, and arrive at essentially the technological, same implementation. Reproducibility is an Markov Analysis important component of scientific work. When! Also, clearly state the Markov Essays, limitations of descartes your implementation, and and Planning, justify them. A thesis almost always has an experimental part, typically some benchmarking. This is family, usually its weakest part. Markov Analysis! Many students debug their code less than a week prior to revolution the submission deadline (typical indication of Markov Analysis having started too late) which makes it hopeless to work do any real benchmarking. Benchmarking takes time, for running the experiments, but also for Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, thinking them up in the first place, and for descartes meditation 6, analysing the results (and, inevitably, decide you'll have to do more benchmarks to clear things up). Probably the and Planning, majority of theses I mark is really deficient in this part, typically for Ruby Daniel’s Ruby of Cochin: Woman, lack of attention (often resulting from a late start). Markov And Planning Essays! Think about what makes sense to measure, what you want to family learn from your measurements. Markov Analysis! Think about what is really the industrial revolution word, relevant contribution of your thesis, and how you can prove that you have achieved your goals. Analysis And Planning Essays! Think about what you can measure in order to word search get a good insight into the performance of various aspects of your design, how you can distinguish between systematic and accidental effects, how you can convince yourself that your results are right. Most of Analysis and Planning Essays this should have been done during Part A of your thesis, together with your project plan you should have decided what your success criteria are, and about, how to Markov Analysis establish that you have met them. If you get surprising results, don't just say "surprise, surprise, performance isn't as good as hoped". Find out why. Industrial Revolution Word! Surprises without explanation indicate either that you are clueless about what's going on, or that you have made a mistake (most likely both). Unconvincing results tend to Markov Essays imply unconvincing marks. (Of course, this could be avoided if the revolution search, results were available more than a couple of Markov and Planning days prior to the thesis deadline.) It is amazing how few students have even the faintest clue of the most basic statistics and their use. Measurements always have statistical (sampling) errors. Owing to isotonic movement the deterministic nature of Markov Analysis and Planning Essays computers these are sometimes very small in our area, particularly in the case of micro-benchmarks, where disturbing factors can be minimised. When Africa! However, the reader should be given an indication of how statistically significant the and Planning, results are. This is done by industrial word search, providing at least a standard deviation in addition to averages. And Planning! Whenever the results of several runs are averaged, a standard deviation can (and must) be supplied. After all, you average to reduce statistical errors. The reproducibility argument applies here just as much as for of Cochin: Jewish Remembers Essay, the implementation. And Planning Essays! Give enough detail on what you measure, and isotonic movement, how you measure it, so that someone who has your implementation (but not your test code) or has re-done your implementation independently, should be able to repeat your measurements and arrive at and Planning Essays essentially the isotonic, same results. Markov And Planning! I read many theses which contain results which seem outright wrong. Ruby Daniel’s Of Cochin: Jewish Woman Remembers Essay! In most cases not enough detail is Analysis and Planning, provided to isotonic allow me to pinpoint the Analysis Essays, likely source of the error. In many cases the cause is work orientation, systematic errors resulting from an Markov Essays incorrect measurement technique. If it seems wrong, and the text doesn't convince me that it isn't wrong, I will assume that it is wrong. Discuss and explain your results. Show how they support your thesis (or, if they don't, come up with a damned good reason real quick). Hispanic Family Values! It is Markov Analysis Essays, important to separate objective facts clearly from their discussion (which is work, bound to contain subjective opinion). Markov And Planning Essays! If the reader doesn't understand your results, you probably do neither. And this will be reflected in the assessment. Don't leave it at movement the discussion: discuss what you/we can learn from the results. And Planning Essays! Draw some real conclusions. Industrial Search! Separate discussion/interpretation of the Markov and Planning Essays, results clearly from the orientation, conclusions you draw from them. Markov Essays! (So-called “conclusion creep” tends to work orientation upset reviewers. And Planning! It means surrendering your scientific objectivity.) Identify all shortcomings/limitations of Essay about Plato your work, and Markov Essays, discuss how they could be fixed (“future work”). I repeat: don't stick slavishly to this structure. Also, remember that the thesis must be: honest, stating clearly all limitations; self-contained—don't write just for the locals, don't assume that the reader has read the same literature as you, don't let the reader work out the details for themselves. Also, a thesis isn't called “thesis” by accident: It is supposed to family present a thesis you are making about Markov Analysis and Planning some system, and orientation, your justification and confirmation of Markov Analysis Essays that thesis. Work! This means that a thesis is not an experience report . Markov! You may have taken a few detours and explored a few blind alleys. Movement! Some of Markov Analysis that might be valuable to Essay about Definition of Art document, but only for what general truths can be learned from Analysis and Planning Essays it, e.g. what the about Definition of Art, pros and Markov Analysis, cons of particular design decisions are. So, explain the family, facts (and what's behind them) but don't bother the Markov Analysis Essays, reader with the details of you got to when did europe colonize the end. I repeat, focus on the outcomes, not on the journey! Kevin Elphinstone has written an excellent guide on Markov Analysis and Planning how to about Definition write a thesis, which also contains further references. My physics colleague Joe Wolfe has written a PhD thesis guide from a somewhat different angle. And there is a wealth of info at the Online PhD Guide. Thesis and paper writing are related, they both are technical presentations of Analysis and Planning Essays work done. Descartes Meditation 6! The main differences between a paper and a thesis are: A paper is Essays, obviously much more concise. Revolution! You don't have as much space to explain things. On the and Planning Essays, other hand, a paper is Ruby an Indian Jewish Woman Remembers Essay, more directed at Analysis and Planning Essays the experts, and can assume much more background knowledge. Work Orientation! However, it is still (if not even more) important that relevant background information is and Planning Essays, cited. Part of the space limitation is that you generally need to did europe colonize africa put much more work into presentation of results, as you have very little space for Markov Analysis, them, yet need to show as many as you can! A conference paper is pass/fail (with a very high failure rate, > 80% in most systems conferences!) And you typically only get a single shot, if you fail, you'll have to isotonic movement wait for and Planning Essays, the next conference. Ruby Ruby An Indian Remembers Essay! As such, a paper tends to Analysis Essays be much more critically assessed, and you'll end up investing much more time per page than for determinism, a thesis (including your PhD). Remember, you're competing with the best minds in the field, and Markov Analysis and Planning, it is meditation, up to you to prove that you're playing on the same level! As far as general writing style is concerned, I find it useful to think in the below Two Cs . And Planning! Most papers I find poorly written (as opposed to revolution search technically deficient) fall down on Essays one or both of them, or on structure (which is when africa, separately addressed below). Markov Essays! Here are the technological, Two Cs: This should go without saying, but too many don't get it. Clarity applies at several levels, from Markov Analysis and Planning individual words, to sentences, to hispanic values paragraphs, to sections, to the whole paper. Make sure that at Markov and Planning Essays every level, what you are writing conveys a clear and industrial, unambiguous message. For example, make sure that each sentence is Markov and Planning Essays, unambiguous in work, its meaning. Analysis And Planning Essays! Make sure your formulation is Plato Definition, precise . Make sure every paragraph has a clear and unique purpose. Analysis! Make sure a paragraph is homogeneous in work, its message (talks about Analysis one thing only) and hispanic family, paragraph breaks correspond to and Planning Essays changes of Essay about and Aristotle's points. When there is a point that requires a lot of Markov Essays text, so you want to break it into movement several paragraphs, make sure you break at a point that doesn't tear your argument apart. (Try to keep paragraphs to Analysis Essays 2–4 sentences.) Make sure each section (at any level) has a clear and coherent purpose and industrial revolution word, message. Analysis And Planning Essays! (Yet avoid sections getting too long, preferably not more than a single column, if at when did europe colonize all possible not longer than a page, else break it up or sub-structure it.) Most importantly, make sure the and Planning, whole paper has a clear and hispanic, consistent message . Markov! Make sure you understand what this message is! You should be able to determinism definition state this message in one short sentence. Markov Analysis! Then stick to about Definition of Art it, in the abstract, in the intro, in Analysis, the body, in the conclusion. It happens not infrequently that I read a paper, don't find any major faults (but typically not much excitement either) and at the end ask myself what I've learnt, or what the paper was trying to tell me. If I'm a reviewer, I'll argue for rejection in meditation, this case. Summary: clarity at all levels! In a thesis you can afford to be waffly (although it won't endear you to Markov Analysis the reader), in movement, a paper you can't. Reviewers expect a fair amount of Markov and Planning Essays meat in isotonic movement, the 12 or so pages you've got, and Markov Essays, if you waffle, you won't fit enough meat in. Furthermore, bloated prose tends to be harder to revolution word search read. Markov And Planning Essays! If something can be said in a sentence or in Daniel’s an Indian Remembers, a paragraph, say it in a sentence. Obviously, conciseness must not come at Analysis and Planning Essays the expense of africa clarity, if shortening means loss of clarity, don't. Also, keep in Markov Analysis, mind what I said above about maintaining user state, However, experience shows that in most cases the isotonic movement, more concise formulation is Analysis and Planning, also the descartes 6, clearer one. A common experience is Analysis and Planning, that I edit a student's paper draft and in the process shorten it by 20–25%. Hispanic Family Values! In most cases the Markov Analysis and Planning, student will agree that clarity has improved at isotonic movement the same time (I call this “gainful compression”). A good method is “Jay's Rule of Thumb“, named after Jay Nievergelt, one of my early supervisors (I was pretty careless in and Planning Essays, my early postgrad days and lost a few of them ;-). Hispanic! It means you cover up parts of the Essays, text with your thumb. Technological! If it doesn't change the Analysis Essays, meaning, you know where you should cut. Summary: Be brief but complete. Besides that, it is when colonize africa, important that the paper is readable . Markov Analysis And Planning Essays! This means that reading it should be an enjoyable experience, not hard work! If it's hard to read, you're already in colonize africa, an uphill battle, irrespective of the Markov and Planning, content. Try to write in hispanic family values, a lucid, engaging style. Explain things top-down, not bottom up. While good writing is Analysis, a bit of an art, paper writing also is lot of engineering. And, like in work orientation, engineering, if the product looks like it's sloppy and thrown together quickly, the reader becomes automatically suspicious that it may not hold up. And experience shows that sloppy presentation frequently goes with content that isn't very solid, keep that in Analysis and Planning Essays, mind while writing! Make reasonable assumptions on the background and experience of the reader. Not every reviewer will be a complete expert on your area, but you need to word search convince them anyway! On the Markov and Planning, other hand, don't think you can hide something from industrial reviewers, at Analysis and Planning Essays least one is hispanic values, likely to be a real expert and perfectly able to spot any holes! Also, make sure your paper is properly spell-checked and proof-read. If you're not a native English speaker, get someone who is to Analysis Essays help with proof-reading. Hispanic! Sloppiness annoys reviewers! It's a good idea to Analysis and Planning get a non-author to technological definition sceptically read it (as a reviewer would), this can help spotting holes before it is too late. Excellent advice is also contained in Markov Analysis, a set of work orientation slides by Simon Peyton Jones from Microsoft Research Cambridge. How papers are expected to be written depends a bit on the discipline. What characterises systems is Analysis and Planning Essays, that ideas are considered cheap, and of Cochin: Jewish Remembers Essay, may get you a workshop paper, but nothing more. For a real paper you need a system , and evaluate it. The classical How (and How Not) to and Planning Essays Write a Good Systems Paper, written by the PC co-chairs of SOSP'83, spells it out quite clearly, and with about 30 years of age is still highly relevant. Determinism Definition! In the Markov and Planning, end, it comes down to descartes making a convincing case of solving a real problem . Note that the Markov Analysis Essays, emphasised words are all relevant: “solving”, “problem” and word search, “real”. Markov Essays! You need to did europe identify a problem, offer a solution, and show that you actually solve the Markov Analysis and Planning, problem. Hispanic Family! Solutions looking for Markov Analysis and Planning, problems find very little interest in this community! And coming up with a cool idea may get you some brownie points, but it isn't good enough. Technical papers tend to of Cochin: Remembers Essay have a certain structure. In the Markov, systems community, there is a fairly clear consensus on did europe what the Analysis Essays, structure should be. It is of Art, outlined below, with recommendations on Analysis what to put into the various sections. The abstract serves multiple purposes. In any case, it is supposed to give the potential reader a good idea of search what to Analysis and Planning expect in work, the paper. If I come across a paper with a title that sounds like it might be relevant, I'll next look at Markov Analysis Essays the abstract, and movement, then decide whether I'll look further. For a paper which is submitted to a conference for review, the abstract serves a single purpose : to attract the right reviewers (and many others don't seem to Markov and Planning Essays understand this). Most conference PCs have a bidding process , where PC members express preferences for word, papers they want to review. Markov Analysis And Planning! These preferences are generally made on about Plato and Aristotle's the basis of looking at Markov Essays the title and descartes meditation 6, then the abstract. The critical importance here is to attract the right reviewers, those who really understand (and appreciate) what you're up to. Markov Essays! It's bad news to end up with reviewers who are only hispanic family values marginally qualified/interested. Markov Analysis! Your paper has the Essay about Plato and Aristotle's Definition of Art, best chances if it is reviewed by the PC members with the most relevant expertise. (That is, if the paper is Markov and Planning Essays, good. If it's not, then you shouldn't have submitted it in the first place!) This means that you need to word the abstract carefully so it correctly sets the revolution word, expectations on the content of the and Planning Essays, paper. Make sure that it allows the reader to judge whether your paper is more theoretical or practical, whether it is in their area of interest and expertise. Technological Definition! For example, a paper dealing with OS security issues might at one end deal with formal security models, or on the other end with design and Markov and Planning Essays, implementation techniques which decrease the attack surface. Both are important and relevant, but the best reviewers (from a given PC) are likely to be different people! BTW, it's always a good idea to isotonic movement look at who actually is on the PC, and Markov and Planning Essays, think about whom you prefer as reviewer of your paper. Word! Then write the and Planning, abstract to get them interested! Once your paper is hispanic values, accepted, the abstract has a different purpose: it should contain the Essays, right keywords to direct searches, and give people an idea of whether it contains something of interest for Essay and Aristotle's, them. Analysis! That's similar, but different from the purpose of the descartes 6, submission version (you're now trying to Markov Analysis and Planning Essays appeal to a wider audience) so you might want to re-write. A core rule for the abstract is Essay Plato, keep it short! A long abstract not only wastest valuable real estate, it actually makes it harder to quickly assess what the Markov Essays, paper is africa, about. Markov And Planning Essays! This is did europe africa, especially important in the bidding process: when reading 300 abstracts I'm not likely to Markov carefully read one that is isotonic, half a page. But it is also when just browsing for papers that are potentially relevant to my work. A good rule of Essays thumb is that an abstract should address the following, each in one (at most two) sentences: What is the problem you're trying to address? Why is it a problem (aka who cares)? How are you solving it? Which results did you get (aka what did you achieve)? Anyone who wants more detail should read (skim) the of Art, introduction (which itself should be brief). This is the most important part of the Analysis Essays, paper, certainly as far as writing is industrial word, concerned. Markov Analysis! Here you need to convince the technological determinism definition, reader that you have identified a real problem (which includes motivating why it is relevant!) and outline your approach to Analysis and Planning solving it. And make it clear that you have actually solved it! It is Ruby an Indian Jewish, often a good idea to write the Markov and Planning, intro in hispanic family values, two steps. Markov And Planning Essays! Write it before you write anything else, this will define where the paper is movement, heading. Markov And Planning Essays! Then, at definition the very end, go over Markov Essays it very carefully to revolution word ensure that it is still consistent with the rest of the paper. In particular, ensure that the intro doesn't promise more than what the paper holds. Markov And Planning Essays! Reviewers get very angry with bait-and-switch papers (see below)! Make sure that the intro is hispanic, concise, yet interesting, highly readable, and complete. It should not be longer than about Analysis Essays a page, if it does, you're probably putting too much detail in, leave that for about Plato of Art, later. Use the Markov Analysis and Planning, intro to whet the reader's appetite: make them want to know more (but don't let them guessing whether the definition, paper is in their domain of Essays interest). Also, try to put a diagram/figure on the first page. Work! This immediately makes the Markov Analysis Essays, paper look more appealing. Isotonic! Obviously, the figure must be related to what you are presenting and help understanding, else it's a useless filler. Markov Analysis! Good examples are diagrams (eg from descartes meditation measurements) which highlight the problem you're trying to Analysis and Planning solve, or an indication of your results. And it should be referenced on about Plato Definition of Art the first page, else it belongs to where it is referenced. Avoid buzzwords, over-the-top statements and outrageous claims. This applies to Markov and Planning the whole paper, but the introduction section is particularly prone to over-selling. This makes the hispanic family values, reader suspect and and Planning, frequently annoyed. Examples of buzzwords are “new”, “novel”, “innovative”, etc. Orientation! These are useless fillers and should be avoided! If your work isn't novel, you wouldn't be trying to Markov Analysis Essays publish it, right? One particular kind of over-selling is called “bait and meditation, switch” : promising (or appearing to promise) in Markov Analysis and Planning, the intro great things but then deliver only a subset or something completely different. This happens a lot, and is an definition excellent way to and Planning bias reviewers against you! Then cut to isotonic the chase! After getting an idea what you're trying to Markov Analysis sell me, I want to Essay Plato and Aristotle's know how it works. Markov Analysis Essays! At least a general idea of how you solve the problem should be presented in the intro. Technological! I want to see that what you are saying makes sense. It is extremely annoying having to read through lots of Markov Analysis and Planning Essays cruft to work orientation find out Analysis and Planning, how it's supposed to work (especially if you fail to convince the reader that your approach will work). Movement! That's typically a death sentence for Markov Analysis, your paper! Then I want to get an isotonic movement idea of the Analysis, outcomes of the word, work. That means a brief, high-level description of your results. And Planning! But the outcome is isotonic, more than the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, experimental results, it's the general contribution the paper makes. Descartes Meditation 6! List your contributions explicitly , best done in a bullet list, with forward references to Markov and Planning Essays the sections in orientation, the paper where I can find them. In summary, the intro must convey that you meet the Analysis and Planning Essays, general criteria for a systems paper: identified a real problem (motivate that it is real and interesting), come up with a solution (give a rough idea what the solution looks like) and actually solved the problem (high-level summary of results). An utterly useless (despite its popularity) part of the intro is the descartes meditation 6, paragraph starting “the rest of the Markov, paper is structured as follows”, and work orientation, frequently ends “and we conclude in Section 5.” What a pointless waste of real estate! There is no useful info in Analysis Essays, such a paragraph, particularly if you followed my advice of when africa having a bulleted list of contributions with forward references. This is where you go into and Planning Essays details about the motivation for descartes 6, your work, and Markov, any other background required to descartes meditation 6 understand it. The length of this is very dependent on your paper, it's hard to Analysis and Planning give a general guideline here. This section will contain a lot of work orientation references to Markov Analysis and Planning Essays related work. Some people will therefore have a related-work section right after the intro (I have done that sometimes too). Determinism Definition! However, in most cases that's not a good idea. Focus on providing the background needed for Analysis and Planning, the rest of the did europe colonize, paper and and Planning, get to the interesting bits as quickly as possible, and family values, having to cover and discuss everything that's related only Analysis Essays distracts from determinism that mission. So, it's generally better to put the Markov Analysis, related work section at the end. Search! However, make sure you properly cite every bit of Markov and Planning background you introduce! Of course, you won't use that as a section title, but this is what the middle part of your paper is all about. It's typically broken into technological determinism definition two sections, eg concepts/design and Markov, implementation, but it can be more or fewer sections. The best general advise here is to isotonic be concise, precise and Analysis, easy to follow. This sounds like motherhood and industrial search, apple pie (and is to Markov Analysis and Planning a degree) but you won't believe how many submissions can't get this right. Ruby An Indian Woman Remembers Essay! Remember, a PC member might read 20–30 papers. Keep them interested. If a paper is Analysis and Planning Essays, boring, or hard to follow, it's got an uphill battle to about Plato and Aristotle's Definition of Art be accepted. Use diagrams where possible to explain things. And Planning Essays! Good diagrams help the reviewer getting though your paper quickly, without missing important content. And Aristotle's Of Art! If it can be explained with the Analysis and Planning Essays, help of a diagram, it should. In the word search, PC meeting, where the Analysis Essays, fate of technological determinism definition papers is Analysis Essays, decided, papers without a “champion” (someone who really likes a paper and wants it published) stand a poor chance to survive. Industrial Search! Do your best to ensure that there is at Markov Analysis and Planning least one PC member who'll champion your paper! This is where the rubber hits the road: You now have to prove that you've actually done it (solved your problem) and done so in a convincing way. This means finding the 6, right evaluation criteria—meaningful benchmarks which demonstrate that you have something useful. It also means looking good on Markov Analysis and Planning those benchmarks. I intentionally said “prove”: The evaluation isn't about just going through motions of Essay Plato and Aristotle's Definition showing some numbers, it must instill confidence in Markov and Planning, the reader that your solution really is what you claim it is. Ruby Daniel’s Of Cochin: An Indian Jewish Woman Remembers! If you are not doing your best to show that your solution is up to Markov Analysis and Planning Essays scratch in every respect, the reviewer will suspect that you're trying to revolution word hide something. So, your evaluation needs to be pro-active in Analysis and Planning, a sense that it needs to revolution word anticipate what problems the reader might suspect, and deal with them head-on. Select your evaluation scenarios carefully and Markov Analysis and Planning, convincingly. Orientation! Don't artificially construct best cases, they will be discounted if they don't present a convincing scenario. Also, keep in mind that any improvement must satisfy a progressive as well as a conservative criterion (and your evaluation must show this). Essays! The progressive criterion requires that you demonstrate significant improvement with respect to the problem you have identified. The conservative criterion requires that you demonstrate that you have not worsened the situation in all the work, other circumstances people may care about. For example, if your work speeds up certain system calls, I want to be convinced that this is not at the expense of other system calls (or a strong argument why this doesn't matter). This means that you need to think carefully about Markov Analysis worst-case scenarios for hispanic values, your approach, and show that they aren't too bad. Analysis And Planning! Go out of when colonize africa your way to be fair, and think of scenarios an adversary (who wants you to look bad) might come up with. Markov Analysis And Planning! Reviewers appreciate thoroughness here. Above all, be honest, and when did europe colonize, be seen as such. I maintain my list of and Planning Essays benchmarking crimes separately, make sure you stay away from those! The most important role of the related-work section is to show that you know the field, and 6, are familiar with all the Analysis, relevant contributions made by industrial word search, others. Take specific care not to Markov Analysis and Planning Essays omit any work by likely reviewers! It's a good idea to determinism go through the Essays, list of Daniel’s Ruby Jewish Woman Remembers PC members and Markov and Planning Essays, think about revolution word search what they worked on in the Analysis and Planning, past, and whether any of that work might be worth citing. Reviewers get pissed off if they think that you're re-inventing something they did before. But stay clear of Ruby Daniel’s Ruby of Cochin: anything that might look like an attempt to bribe reviewers with citations. If it looks like you only cited my paper because I'm on the PC, and the paper isn't really relevant, I won't think highly of Analysis Essays you. Good judgement is industrial revolution, important! Don't fall into the trap of trying to Analysis Essays make prior work look bad in order to word justify your own. Essays! While it is true that some bad work gets published, and occasionally some badness provides the motivation for Ruby Ruby of Cochin: Woman Essay, your work, be very careful there. State, as neutrally as possible, what the Analysis and Planning, prior work has achieved, and, where relevant, its limitations. For example, saying “Doe investigates core temperature but fails to an Indian Remembers account for Analysis and Planning Essays, load fluctuations” implies that Doe stuffed up. Revolution Word Search! You really only want to say that if you (a) think they stuffed up and (b) really want to make that point (“a courageous decision“ as Sir Humphrey would say!) Else a better formulation might be “Doe investigates core temperature under the assumption of Analysis and Planning Essays constant load”. The normal assumption is did europe colonize africa, that the and Planning Essays, prior work is 6, good, and Essays, you're taking it further . It's OK to admit you're standing on orientation the shoulders of giants! Also, remember that the author of the work you cite might be your reviewer. Little infuriates a reviewer more than the Analysis Essays, feeling you misrepresent their work, or you don't understand it. When Africa! Biasing reviewers against you isn't a smart strategy. An important aspect of this last advice is that you must have carefully read and understood the work you are citing. Don't cite a paper just because it's the Markov Essays, standard reference and everyone cites it. Read it. Carefully. Work Orientation! Failure to and Planning Essays follow this rule increases the isotonic, likelihood of Analysis and Planning Essays misrepresenting the paper and annoying your reviewer (even if they aren't the author of that paper, if it's the descartes, standard work you can safely assume that they have read it and and Planning, understand it!) This is Ruby Daniel’s Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Essay, where you summarise what you've achieved. And Planning Essays! This is colonize africa, a bit like some of the later parts of the Essays, intro, but different. Now the reader knows everything, and this is your last chance to press what you think are your main achievements. Don't over-do it, and be brief! Also, re-visit some of the limitations and what can be done to of Cochin: Jewish Woman Remembers Essay address them. However, don't promise anything if you have no intention to Analysis Essays deliver! Conferences tend to be quite prescriptive about the Ruby of Cochin: an Indian Essay, formatting of Analysis and Planning submissions. Work Orientation! Observe all formatting rules! In particular: Don't mess with margins, font sizes or baseline skip! Some PC chairs (me included!) will use formatting checkers of various sorts. Markov And Planning! If you are found to work orientation have cheated, your paper may be rejected without review , and you deserve it. (Trust me, it happens, I've done it myself.) After all, these rules apply to all, and Analysis and Planning, you shouldn't try to get an unfair advantage. Don't use microscopic fonts in orientation, figures! People tend to be a bit more relaxed about enforcing font sizes in figures and Analysis, tables (I wish the movement, weren't), but it is an annoyance having to review a paper where you need a magnifying glass to and Planning Essays read the figures. You may think they read fine, but you're probably less than 30 years old and Ruby Daniel’s of Cochin: Jewish Remembers, are sitting at a desk with good light. Markov Analysis And Planning! After the age of descartes 6 40, eyesight weakens. Probably half the Essays, members of a typical PC are in the >40 age group, so you're annoying a lot of people. Did Europe Colonize Africa! In addition, I do a lot of my reviewing with imperfect light conditions (especially in airplanes), making the problem worse. If I can't read the figures properly then I'll make some worst-case assumptions about Markov Analysis them. Some Things People Frequently Get Wrong. This is my list of things that people most frequently get wrong, listed in no particular order, except that the meditation, most annoying ones are at Markov the top. I'll keep adding to industrial word this from Analysis time to when colonize time. If you are my student, I expect that you have read this, and have checked that any draft you give me to Markov Essays read observes the advice below. Determinism Definition! If not you'll get it back with not much more than “RTFSG;” printed on it. Passive Voice Overuse of Analysis passive voice is hispanic, one of the most annoying mistakes I see in undergraduate theses. (And it seems it's particularly prevalent among EE students — is someone teaching you this. Markov Analysis! ) Whatever the and Aristotle's Definition of Art, reason, stop it! Overuse of passive voice is very poor style. It makes for a very boring read, and Markov, it creates the impression that you are not really taking responsibility for hispanic family values, what you've written. If 1/4 or more of your sentences use passive voice, your prose is poor. A typical occurrence (especial in U/G theses) is the Markov Analysis Essays, use of did europe colonize passive voice as a way to avoid the first person, e.g., “a suitable protocol was designed to and Planning Essays cope with that situation”, when the student means to orientation say that they designed the protocol. Markov And Planning Essays! This might be a case of shyness, but it comes across as trying to isotonic movement avoid responsibility for one's actions. And Planning Essays! At best it leaves the reader puzzling who had actually done the work. Show through your writing that you assume ownership and hispanic, responsibility for Analysis and Planning Essays, what you have done, and make it always perfectly clear what you have contributed and what came from others! And yes, a thesis (like a paper) uses the industrial word, first person plural. Just to make it perfectly clear, I will mark you down for Analysis and Planning Essays, excessive use of passive voice in Essay and Aristotle's Definition of Art, your thesis. No matter how good it is otherwise! Buzzwords Buzzwords are annoying to the informed reader and should be avoided, they create the and Planning Essays, impression of hispanic bragging (and often outright cluelessness). In my former life I found that editors of physics journals would systematically remove words like “novel”, “new” or ”innovative” in and Planning, the title, abstract or intro. And Aristotle's! For good reason: if it ain't novel, why are you trying to Analysis publish it? In fact, you're creating the colonize africa, impression that doing something novel is unusual for Markov Essays, you. Shy away from such words! Similar with terms which are popular in the trade press but rarely used in work, scientific work—blend in with the Markov, standard terminology of the community. The term chart abuse was coined by Martin Gardner, who for a quarter of a century wrote the brilliant “Mathematical Games” column in Scientific American. It refers to definition all sort of and Planning ways of using graphs in an (intentionally or not) misleading way. A typical example is shown in the figure on the right. Whatever the quantity on the abscissa is, you're likely to have the descartes meditation, impression that varying that variable has a dramatic impact on whatever the ordinate quantity is, after all, it goes from Markov and Planning almost full to almost empty, right? Of course, if you actually look at the units, you see that the descartes, dependent quantity varies by only 21%. This may or may not be significant, but it isn't anywhere near the Essays, rough order-of-magnitude change the graph seems to show on a cursory glance. Note that not every such graph represents chart abuse, it depends a lot of the reader's expectations, that discussion of the data, what is revolution word search, shown in other graphs. Just relying on showing the units may not be enough, as images can be very persuasive. Markov Analysis And Planning! You must be aware that this graph is descartes, not showing the full story, and Analysis and Planning, you need to be extra careful that this does not leave the reader with the wrong impression! Another case of revolution search chart abuse is the Analysis Essays, gratuitous use of logarithmic scales. It's a great way to make execution time increases look insignificant. I won't fall for Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Woman Remembers Essay, it! Someone put together a nice collection of bad graphs, all good example of how not to do it. Analysis Essays! (But I think their claim of “top ten worst graphs” is an exaggeration, I've seen worse! I guess I'll have to when start my own collection, stay tuned. ) Spelling There is no excuse for Analysis and Planning Essays, presenting a draft that hasn't gone through a spell checker. If you're too lazy to when colonize africa do this, then I'm too lazy to read your work. Markov Analysis And Planning Essays! Period. And if I have to descartes 6 read it (because I need to mark your thesis) you'll see the and Planning Essays, result in about Plato Definition of Art, the mark. Apostrophes Incredible how many people cannot use them correctly (and I suspect that it's often laziness). Essays! Apostrophes are used to mark possessions and an Indian Jewish Essay, attributions. Like the Essays, thread's priority . Note that there is no apostrophe in the case of the personal pronouns he, she and it: the thread used up its time slice . Did Europe Africa! Bob's pretty clear about Analysis Essays this one! Apostrophes are used for descartes meditation, contractions. Like I can't , or it's time . Markov Analysis And Planning! Note that these are generally not used in formal prose (such as reports and Ruby Daniel’s Ruby of Cochin: an Indian, papers) as they sound colloquial. Analysis And Planning! That's pretty much it (says Bob). But keep in mind that apostrophes are actually useful, so don't leave them off completely! Capitalisation Don't Randomly capitalise Words. Looks Ridiculous, doesn't it? Capitals are used for: words beginning a sentence; names (proper nouns) acronyms certain types of descartes meditation words in Markov Analysis, high-level headings. Work! Capitals shouldn't be used for Markov and Planning, definitions, and even less without any obvious reason. Note that (contrary to industrial revolution word search many “official” style guides) in Analysis and Planning, scientific publishing (yes, that means you) numbered section, figure etc. Work! references in Analysis and Planning, papers are treated as proper names: In the next section we introduce the when, problem, and in Section 3.1 we demonstrate how to solve it. Markov And Planning Essays! (By the industrial word, way, note that the reference to a sub-section still calls it “Section”!) Commas This is probably what I get most often wrong myself (partially because of Analysis and Planning Essays totally different rules in revolution word, German and English). I quote the basic rules from Peters , but skip the Markov Analysis and Planning, detailed explanations. If someone wants to of Cochin: an Indian Jewish Woman copy them from the book, be my guest. Markov Analysis And Planning Essays! [Commas] have a vital role to play in technological determinism definition, longer sentences, separating information into readable units, and guiding the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, reader as to orientation the relationship between phrases and and Planning, items in a series. A single comma ensure correct reading of descartes 6 sentences which start with a longish introductory element: Before the close of the Markov Analysis, last Ice Age, Tasmania was joined to the mainland of Essay about Plato and Aristotle's of Art Australia. [ . ] Pairs of commas help in the middle of Markov Essays a sentence to word search set off any string of words which is Markov and Planning Essays, either a parenthesis or in apposition to whatever went before. Did Europe! The desert trees, casuarinas and acacias, were sprouting new green needles. Analysis And Planning Essays! (Apposition) The dead canyons, all nature in hispanic values, them reduced to desiccation, came alive with the Markov and Planning Essays, sound of rain slithering down the crevasses. Ruby Of Cochin: An Indian Woman Remembers Essay! (Parenthesis) Note that a pair of [em-]dashes could have been used instead of commas with the parenthesis, in Analysis and Planning Essays, both formal and informal writing. Sets of commas are a means of separating: strings of predicative adjectives, as in: It looks big, bold, enticing. items in a series, as in: The billabongs at sunset drew flocks of galahs, gang-gangs, budgerigars and meditation 6, cockatoos of all kinds. A curious amount of heat has been generated over Markov and Planning whether there or not there should be a comma between the two last items in movement, such a series (the so-called serial comma debate). Markov Analysis Essays! [ Details omitted, summary: don't put it except where required for clarity. When Africa! US rules are strict here (but are ok to ignore). And Planning Essays! ] [ . Determinism! ] In reality, it's more complicated than this, the exact rules of Markov Analysis and Planning Essays commas in English are very much a black art IMHO. In fact, there are different schools of work experts who will argue at lengths about the Markov Essays, necessity or excessiveness of industrial word search commas in particular situations. The silly serial comma aka. Oxford comma is Markov Analysis, a case in point. Family! For some entertaining reading I recommend Holwy Writ from The New Yorker's “Comma Queen”. For us mortals I recommend following the basic rules, and Analysis Essays, else add commas where they help understanding, and otherwise leave them. Colons (and lists) Colons are used to descartes meditation indicate that examples or specific details are to come: The sentence normally continues, and, consequently, the Markov Essays, next word isn't capitalised, unless it would be capitalised anyway, or it's a slogan or a motto. Alternatively, the word, examples or details may be given as complete sentences, in which case they should start in and Planning Essays, a new paragraph. Daniel’s Ruby Of Cochin: An Indian Woman Remembers! Bullet lists or enumerated lists set as paragraphs (so-called vertical lists ) are introduced by Markov and Planning, a colon. About And Aristotle's Definition! Regarding their capitalisation and punctuation, there are three cases to distinguish: If the list items are short (few words or simple phrase) and without internal punctuation, their first word is not capitalised and Markov, no punctuation is isotonic, used (except possibly at Markov and Planning the end of the family values, last one). Markov Analysis! Example: see capitalisation . If the list items contain internal punctuation, but are not all complete sentences, then their first word is not capitalised and each item is did europe, terminated by Markov Essays, a semicolon (except the isotonic, last, which is terminated by Essays, a full stop). Hispanic! Example: see the summary at Analysis the end of the word search, general advise. Markov And Planning Essays! If the list items are each (one or more) complete sentences, they are written as such: first word capitalised, and colonize, each terminated with a full stop. Markov! Example: see colons . Note: US rules differ. Period (full stop) The period is values, used to end a sentence, as well to identify an abbreviation. And Planning Essays! The two are actually distinguished in Daniel’s Jewish Woman, type-setting: a period designating an abbreviation (and nothing else) is Analysis, followed by a normal inter-word space, while a period at the end of isotonic a sentence is followed by a longer inter-sentence space. And Planning! Many formatters (incl. web browsers) automatically produce an inter-sentence space after each period; this is wrong if it is not the actual end of the orientation, sentence, and must be overwritten by forcing an inter-word space (e.g. in HTML say “NICTA Ltd.&nbsp;is headquartered in Sydney”). Analysis Essays! LaTeX does it right for abbreviations ending in capitals, but otherwise the when colonize africa, period must be followed by a backslash. Quotation marks There isn't complete agreement on Analysis and Planning that in Essay and Aristotle's Definition of Art, the British-speaking world. Analysis And Planning! I recommend the following rules, which are compatible with the did europe colonize africa, British as well as the (stricter) American rules: Quotation marks are for Analysis, quotations . Determinism! They are not to introduce new terms, they are for quoting someone/something, e.g. called “giblet” in [Bloe 99]. Markov And Planning Essays! They are also used for irony (a small subset of what you'd use a smiley for), but this is Daniel’s an Indian Jewish Woman Remembers, rare in Markov Analysis and Planning, technical prose. E.g. Its “outstanding” performance made the orientation, system useless except for toy applications. Markov Analysis And Planning! Note that not all humour is meditation 6, irony! Quotation marks are normally double ticks. Single quotation marks are used only for quotations inside quotations. The begin and end quotation marks are different, as in the above examples. If the quotation extends over several paragraphs, it should start a new paragraph, and the begin-quotation marks must be repeated at the beginning of each paragraph. However, in Analysis, such a case it is much better to isotonic set off the quotation by indentation (as with the LaTeX quotation environment) and Analysis and Planning Essays, use no quotation marks at all. There is some confusion about descartes meditation other punctuation. There are two basic cases: The quotation ends with an Analysis and Planning exclamation or question mark. Descartes! In this case the Markov Analysis and Planning, mark goes inside the descartes 6, quotation, and Essays, no period follows, even if the quotation marks the end of the Daniel’s Ruby an Indian Jewish Woman Essay, sentence. Otherwise, if the quotation is at the end of the Markov Analysis, sentence, put the family values, period inside the quotation marks if the quotation would normally end in and Planning Essays, a period, otherwise put it outside (even though Americans might tell you otherwise.) Btw, similar rules apply for parentheses. US rules differ (but are illogical, I ignore them). Note that the LaTeX csquote package automates much of determinism definition this. Definitions/introductions of new terms Use italics when introducing new terms. This makes it easy for Markov Essays, the reader to Essay Plato and Aristotle's Definition find the definition again, particularly when not having the Markov, time to read the paper in one shot. Technological Determinism! Do not capitalise words when they are introduced (unless you'd normally capitalise them). Do not put them in quotations marks (see above). Acronyms and Markov Analysis, Initialisms Technically the work orientation, difference between the two is that acronyms you pronounce as a word ( NICTA ) while initialisms are pronounced as individual letters ( UNSW ). Markov Analysis! The distinction is hardly ever made and both are generally lumped under the movement, general term of “acronym”, as in Markov Essays, the reminder of isotonic movement this document. Properly define all acronyms on first use (except maybe those really everybody knows, such as CPU). Markov! An acronym is normally introduced by following the industrial revolution word search, full term by the abbreviation, as in address mappings are cached in and Planning Essays, the translation lookaside buffer (TLB). The other order (use the revolution word, acronym and Markov and Planning, put the Plato, expansion in parentheses) is occasionally acceptable if that helps the flow, but it should really be an exception. Don't introduce too many acronyms, and use standardised ones whenever possible. Don't introduce acronyms in headings! If a term for which you want to Markov Analysis and Planning use an acronym appears first in a heading, define the acronym on the next appearance (the first one in paragraph mode). Essay Plato! Also, don't introduce an acronym which is Analysis, then not used for Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Remembers Essay, a long time. In such a case it is Analysis, also better to defer the work, introduction of the acronym. It sometimes happens that an acronym is introduced and used more-or-less heavily in Markov and Planning Essays, an early part of about and Aristotle's Definition a thesis or paper, is Analysis, then not used for a long time, until it is used again much later. Orientation! Remember that the and Planning Essays, reader may not read the whole thesis or paper in one go, and determinism definition, may have forgotten what the acronym stands for. In such a case (at least if it's an acronym that isn't widely used) it's better to re-state the definition when the Markov and Planning, term starts appearing again. A very gentle way to remind the descartes meditation, reader of the Analysis and Planning Essays, meaning of an acronym is to use it just after its expanded form in a way that makes its meaning obvious. Industrial Revolution Search! Example: In this paper we only consider the priority-inheritance protocol. Markov And Planning! We chose PIP because. . Industrial! This is Markov and Planning Essays, obviously only isotonic acceptable if the acronym has been introduced before. Basic rule: Be nice to Markov the reader! Acronyms are normally all upper case, however, in our discipline mixed case acronyms have become very common (e.g., QoS for Ruby of Cochin: Woman Essay, quality of service ). Markov Essays! They should still start with a capital letter. Work Orientation! Acronyms are almost never all lower case. The one exception is units of measurement (e.g. loc for lines of and Planning code, although journals would normally use LOC for this). If you find an Ruby Daniel’s of Cochin: Woman Essay all-capital acronym too imposing consider using SMALLCAPS . However, remember to be consistent: if you decide to use a special font for Analysis and Planning, something like a specific acronym, make sure you always use the same font for the thing. Orientation! Also, don't go overboard with fonts, kindergarten documents are hard to Markov read. What's the plural of and Aristotle's CPU ? CPUs or CPU's ? The answer is clear (notwithstanding many people getting it wrong): CPUs is a plural while CPU's indicates a possession or attribution. Example: Of the Markov, system's two CPUs, only one was operational. Word Search! The second CPU's power supply had been disconnected. A special case of and Planning Essays this is acronyms ending in s , e.g. OS . I have found a (seemingly authoritative) reference which claims that in this case you need an when did europe africa apostrophe, but Peters has no such special rule, and I really don't see why there should be one. I strongly recommend OSes over OS's for the plural, in order to clearly distinguish it from the Markov Analysis, possessive case. Note that UNIX is technological determinism definition, traditionally pluralised as UNIXen , like oxen , but I think that's tradition rather than a grammatical rule, and the usage UNIXes is at least as common. In rare cases using no apostrophe for the plural might create confusions with mixed-case acronyms. In that case use an and Planning Essays apostrophe if you really think that it improves clarity. Units of measurement and their prefixes Computer people are particularly notorious (others would say clueless) with respect to improper use of revolution word search unit symbols. And Planning Essays! I regularly see “KB”, “kb”, “Kb” all (intending to) refer to the same thing (1024 bytes), all wrong. Isotonic! Specifically: KB would be kelvin bytes, presumably a unit of information temperature, I don't think anyone has found a use for Markov, that unit yet; kb would be kilo bits, which these days is probably only descartes meditation 6 used as part of a unit of bandwidth for really slow links; Kb would be the Markov Analysis, useless kelvin bits. So, bit is “b”, byte is isotonic, “B”, kilo is Markov Essays, “k”, not “K”. Furthermore, the unit prefixes “k”, “M”, “G”, etc. Revolution! strictly refer to powers of and Planning ten, i.e. Search! 10 3 , 10 6 , 10 9 . In IT contexts they frequently stand for powers of two, i.e. 2 10 , 2 20 , 2 30 . Analysis! This is Essay Plato Definition, of course confusing. If you think it is not, can you confidently tell me whether a Gigabit Ethernet is supposed to Markov Analysis Essays have a bandwidth of meditation 6 10 9  b/s or 2 30  b/s? There are in Markov and Planning, fact proper SI prefixes for power-of-two multiples: “Ki”, “Mi”, “Gi”, etc. Descartes 6! Use them systematically! Headings Capitalise or not? Generally speaking, only top-level or, for and Planning Essays, larger documents, second-level section headings should be capitalised. For other headings capitalise the first word (of course), but otherwise nothing you wouldn't capitalise in work orientation, normal text. Analysis! If you capitalise words in a heading, only do so with nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs and descartes meditation 6, adverbs. Excess digits (pseudo accuracy) A common annoyance is people quoting results with three or four digits accuracy, when the real accuracy is at Markov Analysis and Planning best a few percent. Did Europe Colonize Africa! For example, I commonly read statements like “we observed performance improvements of up to Markov Analysis Essays 27.81%.” . This pretends that the improvement figure is accurate to descartes meditation about one in 10,000. Markov Analysis And Planning! Of course, it's nowhere near that! It's the Ruby an Indian Woman Remembers Essay, difference of Essays two other figures (the baseline and the improved system), and the uncertainty in work, the difference is Markov Analysis, no better than twice that of the two values. When Africa! This is misleading, as it gives the appearance of something (accuracy) that isn't there. And even if the number was really that accurate? Does it matter whether your improvement is 27.81% or 27.82? What counts is the (binary) order of magnitude: whether it's around 15% or around 30%. At least in this case everyone can immediately see that this is Markov Analysis Essays, pseudo accuracy, and will mentally drop the descartes 6, n-1 excessive digits. Markov Analysis! That's not the case in hispanic family values, tables where you present your actual results, which makes this a worse offence. As I argue in my discussion of Analysis and Planning Essays benchmarking crimes, results must indicate the revolution, significance (accuracy) of data, typically by stating standard deviations. But don't undo this by pretending more accuracy with excessive digits! If you show three-digit results, I expect an accuracy well below a percent. And I get annoyed if I think you're trying to fool me! Note that standard deviations (or other kinds of errors) are a second-order effect (just as the Markov Analysis and Planning, relative improvement discussed above). As such, they are only relevant to one digit! Stating absolute standard deviations to Essay and Aristotle's of Art three digits is Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, nonsense. A good (or bad, as you look at work it) example of Markov Analysis and Planning excessive digits in industrial, the table that gets an honourable mention in the list of bad graphs discussed earlier. The discussion (rightly) also makes the and Planning Essays, point that trailing zeroes should not be suppressed where they carry information, i.e. Descartes Meditation! are within the Analysis and Planning, accuracy of the data. (For some reason, this only this only seems to affect people who write their papers in family values, Word. Analysis And Planning Essays! ) Percentage vs Percentage Points The confusion between these two seems to go together with the technological determinism definition, above point, and Markov and Planning Essays, is a worrysome indication of about a lack of Analysis Essays appreciation of numbers that you should not see with serious researchers. If your overhead (e.g. measured as relative latency increase over a reasonable baseline) changes from 20% to 30%, then this does in no way constitute a 10% increase, it's a 50% increase in overhead! Alternatively, you can say the increase is 10 percentage points , although the actual percentage increas is usually the meditation 6, more meaningful figure. In any case, make sure you use the terminology correctly. Xkcd has a nice comic on Essays this. Footnotes First rule: use them sparingly. Essay Definition Of Art! Many disciplines (especially humanities) use them for and Planning, citations, we don't. Footnotes are used for definition, information which is and Planning Essays, useful, but is determinism, not essential for Analysis, understanding the argument, and including it in the text would disrupt the technological, flow (similar to Markov Analysis parentheses). Descartes Meditation! If you use more than about one every few pages, there's probably something wrong with your prose. Essays! Most papers get away without a single footnote. Second rule: Footnotes should be fair-dinkum sentences, able to be read by work, themselves. A footnote like 5 KiB is Analysis and Planning Essays, a definitive no-no. Something like #define 'd to 5 KiB. is very bad. Good is The buffer size is search, defined to be 5 KiB. (Except that anyone using a 5 KiB buffer should be shot.) Since footnotes are sentences, it doesn't normally make sense to Analysis Essays put them into Ruby Ruby of Cochin: an Indian Jewish Woman the middle of Markov and Planning a sentence. Industrial Revolution Word Search! In particular, this means the Markov Analysis, footnote follows, rather than precedes, any punctuation. Work Orientation! An example of correct use is Analysis and Planning Essays, We use the Fancy tool.footnote .> Placing the industrial word, footnote before the full stop is incorrect. Hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes These are three kinds of dashes used in text: The hyphen (LaTeX “ - ”, Unicode “ - ”, HTML “ - ”, plain ASCII “ - ”) is used for Markov Analysis Essays, hyphenation (breaking words at the end of line), as well as for work, compound words. The former you never need to Analysis and Planning Essays do explicitly, LaTeX does it for meditation, you. (You may help LaTeX in difficult cases, as in and Planning, hy-phe-nate .) The hyphen is generally to be used to overwrite the default binding of English. Movement! Attributes preceding a noun are by default bound right to left in English, which can produce an incorrect meaning. Markov Analysis And Planning Essays! For example, single address space is right, as address qualifies space , and single qualifies address space . However, if this is itself used to qualify another noun, becoming an “ad hoc compound adjective“, it needs hyphens: single-address-space operating system . Without the hyphens, operating system would be qualified by space , and a space operating system is something different from Ruby Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Woman Remembers what we are concerned with. Hyphens may not only be required by adjectives qualifying a noun: The syscall requires the Markov Analysis, invoking process to orientation be root-owned. There are plenty of exceptions. Analysis Essays! For example, no hyphens are used for compound adjectives whose first part is an inflected adverb or adjective, examples are badly overclocked CPU , or lower rated memory . Industrial Word! (Careful observers may have noticed that I tend to and Planning forget many of these exceptions, and as a result tend to over-hyphenate. Feel free to tell me!) Finally there are compound nouns which use a hyphen, such as know-how . Ruby Daniel’s Jewish Remembers Essay! Use them sparingly! The en-dash “–” (LaTeX “ -- ”, Unicode “ <Compose> --. ”, “ <Option> - ”, HTML entity reference “ &ndash; ”, plain ASCII “ - ” as for the hyphen) is Analysis, used for descartes meditation, ranges, e.g. Analysis And Planning! RAM sizes of 0.5–64 GiB are supported. The en-dash is descartes meditation 6, used between single words or numbers without surrounding space, but has surrounding space if it is Essays, between items that have internal space. About Definition Of Art! Example: during the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, time of 12 March – 15 May. the em-dash “—” (LaTeX “ --- ”, Unicode “ <Compose> --- ”, “ <Shift><Option> - ”, HTML entity reference “ &mdash; ”, plain ASCII “ -- ”) is used as a separator, somewhat similar to industrial search a semicolon. Note that when used unspaced, LaTeX runs it right into the adjacent words, apparently that's what the rules say. General advice, as for parentheses, is to Analysis Essays use them sparingly. Essay Plato And Aristotle's Definition Of Art! The excessive use of parenthetical remarks indicates lack of clarity or focus. Split infinitives Remember to never split infinitives! :-) According to Analysis and Planning Peters that's a bullshit rule. It's often more elegant/readable to isotonic split the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, infinitive, so go ahead if it avoids clumsiness, but use it sparingly to avoid upsetting old-fashioned people. Specific terms or phrases Like vs. Isotonic! such as When you are referring to a set, the Analysis and Planning Essays, members of which have in Ruby Daniel’s Ruby Jewish Remembers, common a given characteristic, and Analysis, you wish to give an technological definition example that is a member of Markov and Planning Essays that set, you should use such as . Values! When you are referring to a set that does not include your example, but that contains members that resemble your example, you should use like . Markov And Planning! Examples: Students, such as those at UNSW, sometimes are having fun. Isotonic! Sometimes they behave like children with a new toy. (Note that British/Australian English is Markov, more relaxed about this rule than American English.) Spaces Some people add spaces in Essay about Definition, the weirdest places. Markov! I don't remember all of them, but came across another annoying case so I decided to start a spacing blacklist here. Ruby Ruby Remembers! Stay tuned for Markov Essays, more entries ;-) Before the industrial revolution search, colons in definition lists Doesn't belong. Some go the opposite way and Analysis Essays, omit spaces where they should appear, e.g.: Before parentheses Why should an work orientation opening parenthesis be glued to the preceding word? No matter whether this introduces an acronym or a non-essential remark, the outside of the parentheses like air to breath. Markov And Planning! Before a unit of measurement Units of measurement are spaced off the preceding number. However, a full space generally seems too much, so I recommend using a half space (e.g. LaTeX 100,Hz gives 100 Hz ), which also prevents a line break between the Ruby Ruby Jewish Woman Remembers Essay, number and Analysis, its unit. Inclusive vs Royal “We” Scientific literature is written in the first person plural (“we form”), and theses are no exception . This is meant to isotonic include the reader in the proceedings (“we” in the sense of “you and Markov and Planning Essays, I together”). However, used wrongly it will sound odd, especially for hispanic values, a single-authored work (such as a thesis), sounding like a royal we (“we, the king of this realm”) and thus pretentious. So, use it in a way that takes the reader with you. Markov Analysis Essays! Examples: We will now look at the dependency of power on load. Or: We run the system at its maximum performance setting and work orientation, measure core temperature. We obtain the results shown in Analysis and Planning Essays, Figure 5. In particular, this means that you should be using present and future tense, and determinism definition, generally not past tense / present perfect. A statement like we obtained the Analysis Essays, results shown in Figure 5 is 6, a royal we. The reader wasn't around when you did this, so the Essays, “we” can only refer to colonize yourself, making it an obnoxious royal “we”. Citations and Markov Analysis, Bibliography Should you use numeric or alphabetic citations? Some conferences or journals have clear rules on this, so you'll obviously have to follow them. Conference papers are usually squeezed for space, so using numeric citation labels tends to when be used as a space saver. In all other cases, use alphabetic citation labels as these greatly enhance readability. At the and Planning Essays, least this should be the word, BibTeX alpha style. Particular for a PhD thesis, which has many citations, most of them familiar to the examiner, having meaningful alphabetic labels massively reduces the Analysis, need to Essay Definition consult the bibliography. Markov Analysis! The recommended form of colonize citation for theses (where you have no space problem) is Markov, author name and year , as in: [Smith 2008] or [Murphy and Chaplin 1999]. Revolution Word Search! Your examiners will appreciate it! Abbreviating conference and and Planning Essays, journal names (as done by the groups defs-abbrev.bib ) is when did europe colonize, acceptable where you have tight space constraints (typically for Markov and Planning Essays, conferences and workshops) but not acceptable elsewhere. Ruby Of Cochin: An Indian Woman! Least of all in a thesis, where you have plenty of Analysis and Planning Essays space! An interesting question is revolution word search, where to put the bibliography (references section). Markov! It goes at descartes the end, of course, but if your document has an appendix, does it go before or after? The standard style rules require the bibliography to go before any appendix. Analysis And Planning! I personally think that this is a pain, as when reading a thesis or book, you tend to refer to work the bibliography frequently, and Analysis and Planning Essays, the appendix infrequently, and Daniel’s an Indian Jewish Remembers Essay, having the Markov Analysis and Planning Essays, bibliography at the very end helps accessing it. Work Orientation! (External examiners of some of my students' theses have told me the Essays, same.) Therefore, in this case I recommend deviating from published rules by when, putting the bibliography behind any appendix. Independent of Markov Analysis citation style, the did europe colonize, following rules should be followed: In citations don't abuse the category technical report . Markov Essays! I see this happen a lot: people cite just about anything that hasn't been published in a journal or conferences as a TR. Isotonic! This is wrong! The concept of Markov Essays a TR is work orientation, actually fairly well defined: A TR is published in some sort. This is generally as part of a formal TR series of and Planning some institution, in hardcopy or on values the web or both. (They aren't always called “technical report”, other common names are “research report”, “technical memorandum”, “<institution> report” etc.) The publication (i.e. Markov Analysis Essays! availability outside) is family, essential, otherwise it's at best an Markov internal report . A TR has a number (absolutely!), an institution (publisher), a date (month and descartes meditation 6, year at Markov and Planning least) and a publisher's address (besides all the Ruby of Cochin: Jewish Woman Essay, other stuff bibentries have). If your document doesn't have these features, it's not a TR. Essays! It's probably better categorised as a working paper . Even then it has a date and Ruby an Indian Jewish Essay, an institution address. Citing web pages is often unavoidable (but also often a sign of laziness). When citing web pages be aware that they may only Essays be short-lived. Essay About Plato! Consider whether the and Planning, reference will be of isotonic movement any use to the reader at Markov Analysis and Planning all if the link is values, broken. Or whether your whole document only has a use-by date a few months past writing. In any case, if you cite a web page, add a time stamp: “Visited 1 May 2008.”. And ensure that this date isn't far back (i.e. Analysis Essays! refresh it when submitting a paper, and again for the camera-ready copy!) Any cited document, whatever it may be, as a few features: Date. Absolutely. Determinism Definition! If you don't have a date you're lazy. Markov Analysis And Planning! Author/organisation/creator/person responsible for industrial revolution, contents. Analysis And Planning! If you don't have it, see above. Whatever information the reader needs to find that document. In most BibTeX entry types these are clearly identified as mandatory fields. Mandatory means that they aren't optional. Don't pretend they are. Colonize! For a working paper these might be the contact details of the author. Equations Equations are not floats, even though the reference mechanism is similar. Instead, they are considered part of the prose. Analysis! Hence, don't refer to values an equation as you would do to Markov Analysis a figure or table, but make it part of the work, sentence. Example: The dynamic power is Analysis, given as. where f is the core frequency, V the technological determinism, core voltage, and Analysis Essays, c a constant. Essay About! The equation number is Analysis Essays, only needed to when did europe africa reference an Markov Analysis and Planning Essays equation from work orientation another place in and Planning, the text, and can be omitted if no such cross reference is orientation, required. Miscellaneous Various tidbits: e.g. ( exempli gratia , Latin for for example ) and i.e. And Planning! ( id est , Latin for that is determinism definition, ) is Analysis and Planning, generally written with two full stops and (nowadays) no comma. In British/Australian usage the hispanic values, full stops are frequently omitted (part of the general trend in Australian and Analysis and Planning Essays, British English to scale back on work full stops, e.g. Markov And Planning! PhD) but Americans tend to mostly insist on them, so it's safer to use them. Note that this implies that in descartes 6, LaTeX you normally need to and Planning follow the second full stop with a backslash to did europe africa avoid an inter-sentence space, and in Markov Analysis and Planning, HTML you'll have to use a “&nbsp;” (pain!) Formalities This should go without saying, but, apparently, doesn't: every document (even an early draft) has a title; every document (even an early draft) has an author (or several), except a manuscript submitted to work orientation a conference which uses double-blind reviewing; every document (even an early draft, except a manuscript submitted for publication) has a date; every document (even an early draft) has page numbers. Only exception is Analysis, that camera-ready conference papers often are required to be submitted without page numbers. This shouldn't stop you from using page numbers in drafts, as well as in submissions for reviewing (reduces the africa, chance of Markov Analysis a reviewer messing up your paper while reading). Short summary here: don't use Word for technical papers! Of course, it's up to you what you use to write your thesis or single-authored paper (although it portrays a strong streak of descartes meditation masochism to do so, just look how many people in Microsoft Research are writing papers in and Planning, Word—I don't know of isotonic any!). But for a paper where you collaborate with other authors, Word is Markov and Planning, a no-no. Besides the usual stuff (that it's easier to Daniel’s Ruby of Cochin: Woman Remembers Essay format a paper in LaTeX etc) there is the Analysis, problem that Word doesn't integrate with the usual revision-control systems, meaning no automated merging of Essay and Aristotle's Definition concurrent updates etc. Markov And Planning! And latexdiff is at least as good as Word's compare-documents function. cite . Avoid citations of the values, kind [1] thinks that threads are cool, but [2] argues that they suck. And Planning! This is hispanic, acceptable if using name-year citation labels but not for numeric citation styles. Use the author's names: Joe and Markov and Planning, Bloe [1] think that threads are cool, but O'Neill et al. [2] argue that they suck. Except that (of course) you'll never use such colloquialisms in about Plato, formal prose. :-) For those in my (ERTOS) group: Avoid using your own .bib files. Use the Essays, defs , os , dist and determinism definition, inform .bib files in Markov, the ERTOS bibtex repo. Chances are that most of technological definition what you need to cite is already in there. Analysis And Planning! If don't have commit rights to meditation 6 the repository and Markov Essays, are citing papers not yet in there, then temporarily create your own .bib file, following the determinism, conventions of the and Planning Essays, ERTOS files . Industrial! You can then ask someone with commit privileges access to add them. BibTeX is Analysis and Planning Essays, a great tool, but you need to Ruby Ruby Jewish Woman Essay know how to use it. A regular trap is to Essays forget that TeX knows more about typesetting than you do. So, for example, it changes the case of values words in the title. If your title contains acronyms and Markov Analysis, proper names (most do), they tend to get down-cased. Did Europe Africa! Any such words which should not have their case changed should be put into Markov and Planning Essays braces, e.g., and its Use in Merry-Go-Round Seat Allocation> . Do not put an industrial word search extra set of braces around the Markov Essays, whole title, such as title = > . Revolution! If I find this in Analysis Essays, one of the Essay Plato and Aristotle's Definition, group .bib files, and you were the lazy bastard, you better hide! The address field in a BibTeX @InProceedings entry refers to the place where the conference was held, not the Analysis Essays, address of the meditation, publisher! (Just check where the address entry is used in the formatted reference if you don't believe me.) I frequently see missing conference venues in Markov Analysis, papers. I suspect this is determinism definition, undefined strings, and an indication that people are too lazy to look at Analysis Essays BibTeX warnings. Even more bizarrely, I frequently get to revolution word search see (even in published papers!) stuff like “In Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Markov and Planning Essays Architectural support for work, programming languages and operating systems”. I'm not sure what causes this funny capitalisation, it isn't BibTeX. Markov Essays! If it's some other tool you're using, throw it away! URLs To represent URLs, don't just use texttt (which causes problems with the tilde character) or verb|url| (which tends to produce vastly overfull lines). Instead use the command url , available with the url package. Essay About Plato And Aristotle's Definition Of Art! This will, by default, typeset the Analysis and Planning, string in colonize, TTY font, but that can be changed to the more readable urlstyle . Graphics Don't use bitmap formats for Markov and Planning Essays, figures (nor bitmaps converted to EPS or PDF). Family! They almost always lead to Markov Analysis poor results. Isotonic! Code Wrapping all program code displayed in a paper in verbatim or alltt environments “is just lazy” [Kai Engelhardt]. Markov Essays! Use the listings package or more specialised language preprocessors for a much more readable presentation. Math fonts Typesetting mathematics is a traditional strength of TeX. However, it is technological, optimised for and Planning Essays, the more traditional kind of maths, where, besides a small number of technological determinism definition predefined functions, people use single-letter variable and and Planning, function names. In such a context it is customary to descartes meditation interpret a string like “abc” as the Markov and Planning, product of three variables “a”, “b” and about Plato, “c”. In our discipline we use a lot of multi-letter function and variable names, as we are used to Analysis Essays from programming. Because TeX in math mode will consider “diff” a product of four variables, it will space it as such, with pretty ugly result. To avoid this, use the following rules: Use pre-defined function names where they exist (examples are sin , exp and isotonic movement, log ). For non-standard function names, use mathrm , such as $ >(x)$ . Analysis And Planning! For multi-letter variable names, use mathit , such as $sin(mathit )$ . 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Essay Definition! “Avoid overuse of and Planning Essays ‘quotation “marks.”’” Created 2001-08-24, last modified 2014-03-31, last validated 2015-03-02.<

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