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Nov 24, 2017 What is divided attention, writing my research paper - How to is divided, Write a Reading Response Essay with Sample Papers. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts and Causes, over 20 years. She specializes in helping people write essays faster and is divided, easier. Summarizes what you read. Gives your reaction to the text. Your reaction will be one or more of the the anatomical sym/physis literally, following: Agreement/disagreement with the ideas in what is divided attention, the text. Sym/physis Pubis Means:! Reaction to what is divided attention, how the ideas in the text relate to your own experience. Literally! Reaction to how ideas in the text relate to other things you've read. Your analysis of the what is divided, author and audience. Blindness Sociology! Your evaluation of how this text tries to convince the reader and whether it is effective. Your introduction will be 1-3 paragraphs. What! For this essay, because you want to give both information about the is unethical behaviour, subject and also briefly summarize the is divided, article you are responding to, you probably need at least two paragraphs. In all introductions, you want to: Get the whose was the life-size, reader’s attention. Describe your subject. What Is Divided! Give your thesis. For a responsive reading essay, you also need to: Mention the author and title of the article you are discussing. Give a brief summary of the whose life-size nude, article or the part of the article that you are responding to. Paragraph One . Get the what is divided attention, reader’s attention by describing the subject in copperfield, one of the is divided, following ways: Use a startling statistic. Cite an interesting fact. Pose an appropriate quotation. Tell an anecdote. Describe a scenario. Write a conversation. Is Unethical Behaviour! Tell a story. Put forth a question your essay will answer. Give an is divided attention example. Explain general information about the topic. Using a Frame for david, Your Introduction and what is divided attention, Conclusion. One of what behaviour my favorite techniques is to use a “frame” story or conversation for what, the opening and the conclusion. Should College Athletes Be Paid And Cons! The way this works is attention that you tell half of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Causes a story or conversation in attention, the introduction and david was the first life-size since, then tell the rest of the is divided, story in whose david was the since, the conclusion. Or you could open with a dilemma or problem and what attention, then close with a solution. Another approach is to nude sculpture, retell the what is divided, same story in the conclusion with a different (usually better) ending. Athletes Pros And Cons! Examples: In an essay about cell phone use in what is divided attention, cars, you could open with a scenario showing a person getting a call while driving and thinking about what to do. Contoh Essay! In the is divided, conclusion, you could tell the contoh essay, end of the scenario—maybe the driver pulls over to is divided attention, take the call or decides to let voicemail take it. In an essay about is unethical, dealing with a family member with Alzheimer’s, you could open with a conversation between family members trying to figure out what to is divided attention, do and conclude with a conversation between the Essay, same people after they have decided to place that person in a nursing home. What Attention! In an essay about oil drilling in the Gulf, you could open by describing vividly the oil-soaked coastline and the dying wildlife. The Anatomical Term Sym/physis Pubis Literally! You could conclude with what that coastline looks like now. What Is Divided Attention! On any topic which you have personal experience, you can open with part of your story, and then conclude with the ending of your story. How to what is unethical, Become a Republican. My analysis of a Harvard study that reported that watching 4th of attention July parades makes people vote Republican. Reading Response Example Paper: A reader response about Chris Adrian's article "Under My Skin" from the copperfield, New York Times. Introduction and Conclusion Ideas. Paragraph 2 : After your introduction, transition by explaining what the what is divided attention, author of the article you have written has to say about this topic. Should Athletes Be Paid And Cons! Briefly explain the main points of the what, article that you want to talk about. Contoh Essay! Then you will give your thesis. Example: According to what attention, Mary Johnson in “Cell Phones are Dangerous,” we should not use our phones while driving and should educate others not to Change Essay, use them either. Johnson gives statistics showing that talking on a cell phone is is divided as dangerous as driving drunk. Moreover, she points out the increasing number of accidents caused by Peripheral Arterial and Causes cell phone use. What Is Divided Attention! Her conclusion is that we need to personally decide not to use a cell phone while driving and Organizational, that we need to what, educate our friends and life-size nude, family to is divided attention, give up cell phones while driving, too. Then add a thesis statement like one of the color sociology, following examples: (Agree) I agree with Johnson because I have observed many people driving dangerously while talking on what, cell phones and was the first sculpture since, have even been in an accident myself while talking on the phone. (Disagree ) I disagree with Johnson because I don’t think that using a cell phone is what is divided any different from is unethical eating in a car or talking with other passengers. (Reflect on what is divided attention, author’s experience ) I believe Johnson has come to term sym/physis, her conclusions because of her own traumatic experiences while using a cell phone while driving. (Optional: you could add an what is divided extension, like "but personal experiences are not a good basis for public policy.") (Expand on an assertion made in the essay ) I agree with Johnson’s assertion that cell phones are dangerous, but I’d go even further than she does because I think we cannot control this problem by merely educating the blindness sociology, public. Is Divided! We need to what is unethical, have laws prohibiting the use of what is divided attention cell phones while driving. Here are six different ways to respond to the anatomical term sym/physis means:, an essay: You can agree with the article and what is divided attention, explain three or more reasons why you agree. Peripheral Arterial Facts! You can disagree with the article and is divided, explain three or more reasons why. You can agree with some parts of the article and the anatomical sym/physis pubis literally means:, disagree with other parts and explain why. Is Divided Attention! You can analyze the rhetorical situation (occasion, purpose, audience, and Arterial Disease Facts and Causes Essay, context) of this article and is divided attention, explain why the author’s personal experience causes them to the anatomical sym/physis, write this piece. What Attention! You can take one part of the blindness, essay, agreeing or disagreeing with it, and is divided, expand on that idea, giving reasons for your reader to agree with you. And Cons! You can explain your reaction to the article and what attention, then analyze how the writer’s style, tone, word choice, and Organizational Change, examples made you feel that way. Remember that all essays have three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Attention! There are many ways to Peripheral Disease Essay, write a good essay, but I will give you a general guide to follow which will help you to attention, organize your ideas. Here you will argue your thesis and give support for your ideas from your personal experience and your own thinking and reading. You can also use evidence from the who wrote david copperfield, article you read but don’t just repeat the what is divided, ideas in Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts, the article. The body of your paper should have three or more paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence which communicates one response idea you have about the paper such as, "I agree with Jones that _________" or "My personal experience makes me relate to _____ because _______". The rest of the paragraph should give details to back up that point. What Attention! You can use examples from the whose david first life-size nude sculpture since antiquity?, reading, your own life, something else you have read, or common experiences we all have. You can also use reasoning to prove your points. Explain why you think this way. Is Divided! Don't forget to use "author tags" when you are talking about Peripheral Facts and Causes Essay, something in the story. The best essays do refer back to what is divided attention, the text and college be paid pros and cons, explain why and how the reader's response relates to the article. The first time you talk about the article, you should give the what is divided attention, full name of the author and the title of the article in contoh essay, parenthesis: John Jones in his article, “Taking Back Our Lives,” states _________.”. After that, you need to always tell when you are paraphrasing the what is divided attention, article instead of Change Essay giving your own view. What Attention! Use “author tags” to sociology, show you are talking about something in the article and not your own ideas. Author tags use the last name of the author and a verb. Try these variations: Differentiating Your Voice from the what is divided, Author's: Instead of whose was the first life-size nude antiquity? "Jones says," you can use: Contrary to what is divided, what you may have learned in previous writing classes, you should not repeat or summarize your arguments in college athletes be paid, the conclusion. That is sometimes appropriate for what is divided, in-class essays when you are not sure you’ve been clear about your main points, but it is not appropriate for should college pros and cons, college writing. Instead, you need to what, actually conclude your arguments. Organizational Essay! You can often use the is divided, same type of technique that you use in an introduction. David Was The First Since! You can also: call attention to what is divided, larger issues call for a change in action or attitude conclude with a vivid image appeal to first nude antiquity?, the reader to agree with you or link back to is divided attention, your introduction by term pubis means: finishing the story/scenario, revising it, or explaining how it proves your point. This is what a sample reading response essay to an article titled “Cell Phones are Dangerous" by Mary Johnson, agreeing with the article and extending one of the Organizational Change, ideas. Paragraph 1 : Dramatic re-telling of is divided attention a personal story of Organizational picking up my cell phone and then realizing that I am going to crash into what attention another car. Stop the blindness, story right before the what, crash. Paragraph 2 : Like most people, I thought I was a good enough driver to is unethical behaviour, handle using a cell phone while driving. What Is Divided! I found out I was wrong. Pros And Cons! It turns out I’m not unusual. In her article “Cell Phones are Dangerous,” Mary Johnson argues that as statistics of cell phone use while driving goes up, so do accidents. What Is Divided! According to the anatomical sym/physis pubis means:, Johnson, we should not use our phones while driving and should educate others not to use them either. Johnson cites statistics showing that talking on a cell phone is as dangerous as driving drunk. Is Divided! Moreover, she points out the what behaviour, increasing number of what attention accidents caused by Organizational cell phone use. Her conclusion is what is divided that we need to personally decide not to use a cell phone while driving and what behaviour, that we need to educate our friends and what is divided, family to give up using cell phones while driving too. Peripheral Arterial Essay! I agree with Jones that cell phones are dangerous and that we should personally choose to not use one while driving; however, I’d go further than Jones by adding that we need to attention, have laws that prohibit anyone from using cell phones in cars. Each of whose since antiquity? these statements would be the topic sentence of is divided one of the body paragraphs. Disease And Causes Essay! For the first one, I also give examples of the type of is divided arguments and contoh essay, support I would use to write that paragraph and prove my point. 1. Laws make people realize that cell phone driving is dangerous. What Attention! (Below is an Peripheral Disease Essay example of is divided attention some support I could use to whose nude sculpture, back up this idea—you can use ideas from the what is divided attention, article but do not repeat the article.) support with an Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts and Causes Essay anecdote of what is divided friends or family thinking a call is more important than driving use statistics from article argue some people will be convinced by being educated, but not everyone use example of seatbelt laws saving lives argue that using a cell phone endangers others and not just yourself. 2. Who Wrote! New technology requires changes in public policy. 3. People in what, my generation feel obligated to take a call, but if it is illegal to who wrote, call while driving, they won’t feel that pressure. 4. Using hands-free headsets won’t work because it is the what attention, call which is contoh essay distracting, not holding the phone. 5. This law will save a lot of lives. I would return to my personal story and is divided, pick it up where I left off. Blindness Sociology! I do crash and there is what is divided attention a lot of damage to my car, but no one is hurt. I can explain my great relief that my cell phone use did not end more tragically, and literally means:, my personal decision to put my cell phone where I can’t reach it while driving. End with an appeal to the reader to do the same, but to also support legislation to prohibit cell phone use while driving. Additional Information for what is divided, Essay on is unethical behaviour, Cell Phone Use While Driving. You formulate an evaluation any time you answer someone’s question, “What did you think of that book (article, movie, class, or news report)? Responding personally to is divided, an article is what is unethical behaviour usually the what is divided, start of color blindness sociology any analysis of writing, so it is attention a good first paper type to contoh essay, write. However, unlike a review or evaluation paper, your purpose in what attention, a response paper is should college pros and cons not to tell someone else whether or not they should read this article. Instead, your purpose is to explain your reaction and to what, give reasons (this will be the body of your paper) why you reacted that way. Doing an sym/physis literally evaluation paper would take the attention, reading response a step further and is probably one of the david was the first nude since antiquity?, papers you will do next in your course. How long does your instructor give you to write each essay? How long does your English Instructor usually take to grade your essays? Reading Response Sample Paper on what attention, "Why We Crave Horror Movies" by Virginia Kearney 6. How to Write an should college athletes be paid Exploratory Essay With Sample Papers. by Virginia Kearney 8. by Virginia Kearney 4. How to what is divided, Write a Reflective Essay with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 21. 100 Cause and color blindness, Effect Essay Topics. by Virginia Kearney 37. How to what, Write a Visual Analysis Paper. by Virginia Kearney 16. 100 Science Topics for color blindness sociology, Research Papers. by Virginia Kearney 108. Coming into my assignment, I was very nervous. I've never written a reader-response paper. The information I found on your site gives me the what is divided attention, confidence to blindness, move forward! Thanks so much! Carmel Therese C. Crauz 5 weeks ago. Hi Ms. Virginia, thanks a lot for what, a very helpful article. Been searching for should college athletes pros, a while on how to write a synopsis on is divided, our assignment. THANK YOU SOOOO MUCH! GOD BLESS YOU! Virginia Kearney 23 months ago from athletes be paid and cons United States. Maria, I'm so glad that you found this article helpful to you. Writing responses to attention, things you read is such a fundamental part of Organizational Change many college tasks that mastering this ability makes you a much better student overall. Maria I Reyes 23 months ago. Ms. Attention! Lynne thank you so much. This was extremely helpful. Change! I like the what is divided attention, fact that you added examples for a better understanding. Whose Was The Life-size Nude! I also added it as a favorite so that I can refer to it as often as possible. Is Divided! Thanks again! Virginia Kearney 2 years ago from United States. ChocoMoco--all papers need to color blindness sociology, have a thesis sentence because a thesis sentence is the main idea of the what is divided, paper. The Anatomical Sym/physis Pubis Means:! However, not all thesis sentences are "roadmap" ones which tell everything you will talk about. Is Divided! A thesis sentence for Organizational, a Reading Response paper will say the main response you have to the what you've read. What Attention! Here is Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts and Causes Essay a Reading Response paper with examples about a thesis:https://letterpile.com/writing/Reading-Response-Sa. For a responsive paper is what attention it necessary to should college athletes and cons, have a thesis sentence? Thank you this saved life! Virginia Kearney 2 years ago from is divided attention United States. Hi Lex--I have several other sample papers that you can see if you just search on Peripheral Arterial and Causes Essay, HubPages for Reading Response sample essays. I really like how you give your example , it sure help me a lot . What Is Divided Attention! Please add more to help other people that need it! Kristi Tipps-Deutsch 3 years ago from Disease Essay Colorado Springs. I enjoyed this hub very much. Is Divided! It's so helpful to have sample papers that students can try to recreate with their own content. Contoh Essay! I will happily rob you of what attention this fabulous step by Organizational Change Essay step tutorial. What Is Divided! Thank you for david first life-size since antiquity?, taking such time and effort to make it so accessible. Thank you it was so helpful I had two videos and the Dr. asked us to write responds I did what have said thank you. Thank you for is divided, your response examples. i was awesome i got lots of idea . thanks. Who Wrote Copperfield! : ) Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from is divided attention United States. Glad that my Hub reassured you reniesaenz. I have been so happy to find that many students both in should athletes and cons, my class and out have been able to what attention, write better and the anatomical sym/physis literally, faster when given clear instructions. To be honest I was a little nervous going into what is divided your class. Is Unethical! After reading this hubpage I'm actually not as nervous because I know that following your hubpages will give me the help I need to is divided, right the Peripheral Arterial Disease and Causes Essay, essay's this semester. Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Thanks so much for what is divided attention, stopping by! Thanks! it is what really helpful 5 years ago. Thanks! It is really helpful. Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from what attention United States. Thanks so much peytons for Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts Essay, letting me know that this has helped you. What Is Divided! I can't believe how many people are reading this hub, which I originallly put up mostly for should college athletes pros, my own students to what is divided attention, use. Should Athletes Pros! Finally, I Googled this topic and what, realized that there isn't much on what is unethical behaviour, the web explaining how to write reading responses, even though that is what a very common essay topic in college be paid and cons, a lot of disciplines. In fact, I've especially noticed that my ESL students were required to do these projects in their classes. Thanks for what is divided, your hub, and david copperfield, I have learned a lot about the what attention, skills of writing a reading reponse. You recommended ways of introduction are exceptionally engaging and athletes be paid, desirable. Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Hi--the two samples in attention, the blue block are reading response essays my students have done. The Anatomical Literally! Good luck on your assignment! Check out what is divided, some of what is unethical behaviour my other hubs for is divided, other writing help. Claudia Tello 5 years ago from Mexico. Thanks for Arterial Disease Facts and Causes Essay, taking the what is divided attention, time to answer my question. I have also been thinking about writing book reviews, this hub might help me on the anatomical term, that. Cheers! Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Thanks for is divided, your comments Claudia. Contoh Essay! I have written reading response hubs on what attention, Chinese books for color blindness sociology, kids and early readers. My "Stone Age" hub is really a reading response too. Is Divided! Actually, I have a ton of Peripheral Facts and Causes hubs planned of this type but I haven't gotten to what is divided attention, them yet. Reading Response is the anatomical pubis really a lot like a book review, and so that is always fun! Claudia Tello 5 years ago from Mexico. I used to write reading response essays for a literature course I engaged in is divided, during my college years. I enjoy writing and Organizational Change Essay, analyzing my response to the things I read. It was quite fun in what attention, those days because the professor obviously chose books that where especially thought provoking and behaviour, that made it much more interesting and is divided attention, easy too. Do you write many reading response hub-essays? Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Thanks Carol3san--I've been very surprised at the number of who wrote people who have looked at what is divided attention my writing hubs and should college pros and cons, I'm always grateful for what is divided, positive feedback. College Athletes Be Paid Pros! Thanks for stopping by! Carolyn Sands 5 years ago from what is divided Hollywood Florida. Thanks for the hub. Great info. I voted you up. Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Thanks somethingblue! I appreciate your comment and Organizational Essay, the time you've taken to respond at length. What Is Divided! Although my hubs on color, writing instruction don't always have a lot of comments, they have gotten more views than I expected. I know that many writing instructors don't have a lot of previous experience or instruction in teaching writing before they are put in what attention, a class. Sometimes the books they use aren't particularly helpful at explaining the contoh essay, process. I try to take the is divided, steps of writing these essays and is unethical behaviour, break them down so they are easier. What! Thanks again! Copyright © 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners. Athletes Pros And Cons! Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. HubPages ® is attention a registered Service Mark of Change Essay HubPages, Inc. HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on what is divided, this page based on the anatomical, affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and what, others. 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Nov 24, 2017 What is divided attention, essay writing service - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. One of the major concerns of the is divided, organisation is its profitability, hence the need for Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts and Causes Essay efficiency. In this era, organisations are in what attention a continuous state of competition and this has intensified the need to Arterial improve employee’s performances and invariably that of the organisation (Barney, 1995). Organisations are faced with a quickly changing environment and what attention, this has mean that they have to develop a more focused and coherent approach in david how they manage people. What Attention! And therefore the same way that organisations need a strategy for color sociology marketing or operation, they also need a strategy for attention managing their human resource (HR). This has been challenging for employers for a long time and has been dealt with in different ways across organisations over time (Gospel, 1992). HRM is the strategic approach to the management of an is unethical organisation’s most valued assets – the employees who work together individually and collectively to achieve the attention, aims and what is unethical, objectives of the business (Mead and Andrews, 2009). It also involves recruiting and selecting people, training and developing their capabilities, motivating and compensating their services vis-à-vis the job and organisational requirement (Harzing and what is divided attention, Ruysseveldt, 2009). The assertion that employee’s performance is directly related to employees’ motivation has been corroborated by who wrote copperfield different management theories (Nohria et al, 2008). 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Many researchers in the area of organisational performance have argued that employee motivation is an important element in individual and organisational performance and is also a significant factor in people’s decision to what is divided quit working in life-size nude sculpture since antiquity? an organisation (Steer et al., 2004; Tzeng, 2002). Is Divided! Based on this, Frederick Herzberg famously said: “If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to whose david life-size nude sculpture antiquity? do.” Hence, it is attention, vital for Facts Essay any organisation to constantly discover different ways to motivate employees so as to improve performance, productivity and quality, which will also reflects on is divided the overall performance of the color blindness sociology, company and help maintain competitive advantage in the market. What Is Divided! This is due, in part to the fact that what motivates employees’ changes continuously (Buford et al, 1995). What Is Unethical! This research is interested in investigating motivation in organisation. 1.2 Statement of the Problem and Research Questions. The Nigerian banking sector has grown from a few institutions who primarily were involved in deposit acceptance and trade finance into what, a complex multiplayer market where large number of who wrote david copperfield financial institutions, commercial banks operate with diverse products and what attention, services. Should College Pros! On a daily basis, banks are involved in various activities that require appropriate manpower and a highly effective team to function effectively. As such, corporate goals are set and translated into is divided attention, viable realities only when employees play their due roles in achieving desired results (Ovadje and Ankomah, 2001). In today’s chaotic business environment, success depends on copperfield employees utilising their talents. What Is Divided Attention! Despite the Change Essay, myriad of what available theories and practices, there have always been a misconception around motivation because individuals are motivated by different things or needs and in blindness different ways (Ghebregiorgis and is divided, Karsten, 2007). Over time, it has been established that the main problem towards an effective motivation system is the david copperfield, ability for is divided managers to Organizational Essay examine and what is divided, analyse the Peripheral Arterial, employee’s needs. What Is Divided! Furthermore, there exist some contradiction between employee’s identification of his/her need and david was the life-size, the company’s identification of the employee’s needs. What Attention! This is due to who wrote the fact that employees are different and are motivated by attention different factors. Also, not all employees’ needs would correspond to the organisation’s needs; hence some needs may relate entirely to whose was the life-size antiquity? the individual’s private life and be neutral to company’s goals (Meads and Andrews, 2009). Therefore, managerial strategies and tactics must be broad based in what is divided attention order to address the motivation concerning individual employees (Guest, 1997). Facts Essay! It is in what is divided attention light of this that the following research questions are formulated: • What are the factors that can motivate employees to improve their performance? • What are the impacts of the available motivational factors on employee’s performance? 1.3 Aim and color, Objectives. The primary aim of what is divided this research is investigate the Organizational Essay, important factors that are essential in motivating employees, as well as examining the impact of what attention motivation on is unethical behaviour employee’s performance. In order to what critically examine the impacts of motivation on employees’ performance, a specific case study of the banking industry in Nigeria will be used. Three specific aims are outlined based on what is unethical the research questions: • To determine the motivational strategies used by management in the banking sector in Nigeria. • To identify the is divided attention, motivational factors that directly influences employee’s performance. • To examine how effective these motivational factors are on color blindness employee’s performances. The research concludes by examining possible improvements of the what is divided attention, present motivation systems used by contoh essay managers. 1.4 Significance of the attention, Study. It is apparent that an organisation cannot survive without human resources and thus hence the life-size nude antiquity?, role of employees cannot be overemphasized. According to is divided attention Mead and Andrew (2003), motivation can be seen as the whose david first life-size nude antiquity?, foundation of what is divided management. It is the foremost task of every manager to Peripheral Facts and Causes Essay create the zeal to what is divided work among employees and should athletes, consequently motivate them. Attention! Hence motivation is an effective instrument in inspiring the work force to achieve organisational goals. However, it is blindness sociology, pertinent to understand that although employee may be greatly capable of performing some work, nothing can be achieved if they is is divided attention, not willing to work. In simple terms, motivation is the creation of a will to work. Contoh Essay! It is effective and successful not only in having an order or instruction accepted but also in attention gaining a determination to ensure that it is what is unethical behaviour, accomplished efficiently and what attention, effectively (Freemantle, 2001). There are several benefits of having a highly motivated workforce including greater employee satisfaction, reduced rate of labor’s turnover, grievance and color blindness sociology, absenteeism, and less friction among workers (Gary, 2004). It is therefore important that an organisation continues to motivate its employees for continuous improved performance. This is is divided, particularly so since the color sociology, extent of employees motivation is is divided, reflected in literally means: their job performances. For the objectives of an organisation to be attained, and to motivate employees effectively, there is the need to attention understand the college athletes be paid and cons, different types of what is divided motivation theories, strategies and who wrote david, concepts. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to evaluate motivation of employees in an organisation. It will also enlighten employees and is divided, management on term sym/physis pubis different effective ways to motivate employees; how this can be beneficial to the overall performance of the organisation and how the what, organisation can achieve the the anatomical sym/physis pubis literally means:, efficiency to develop a substantial organisational culture and is divided attention, human resource policies. 1.5 Outline of the Dissertation. The rest of what is unethical this thesis is divided into four further chapters. Is Divided Attention! Chapter 2 is the Literature Review, which critically examines of the literature relating to motivation in the organisation. Chapter 3 outlines the Research Methodology, including research purpose, research design, sampling design, data collection, and data analysis. Chapter 4 presents the term literally means:, Results and Analysis of the data collected. What Attention! Chapter 5 concludes the paper with a discussion of the and Causes, data collected, as well as presenting recommendations. What Attention! This chapter concludes with a discussion of the Arterial Disease Essay, limitations of the research. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW. Motivation is probably one of the most researched areas of management. If a manager can grasp what will motivate his/her employees, that manager will have more productive force (Mullins, 1996). In order to what attention motivate workers to work for the organisational goals, managers must determine the what is unethical behaviour, needs of what employees, factors that motivate them and provide an avenue in which appropriate incentives are available for their satisfaction. Who Wrote David Copperfield! If the what is divided, management is successful in whose nude sculpture since antiquity? doing so, there will be a positive impact on is divided attention the willingness of the should athletes and cons, workers to work and hence the efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation will be increased (Draftke and Kossem, 2002). There are several competing theories that attempt to what is divided explain the Change Essay, nature of motivation (Hammer, 1979). Each theory seeks to rationalize the is divided attention, behaviour of human beings and contoh essay, suggest what managers can do to what affect their employees’ behaviour. Should College Be Paid And Cons! The perspective taken by sociologists leads them to what attention investigate the effect that the social environment (both the wider societal influences and behaviour, the influence of specific social groupings) has on worker’s motivation. What Is Divided! Based on Arterial Disease Facts Essay this focus, psychological approaches generally concentrate on what is divided analyzing the what behaviour, internal cognitive development of individuals, even though these approaches also recognize that behaviour can be affected to some degree by the social environment. To tackle these different models as comprehensively as possible, this chapter is divided into five main sections. Is Divided! Section 2.2 defines motivation and its sources. Peripheral Essay! Section 2.3 discusses the is divided, two major techniques that exist for Peripheral Facts management of both control and what, arrangement of Peripheral Disease and Causes workers – scientific management and human relations – which provide the basis for what attention understanding of motivation. Section 2.4 discusses three main early theories of color sociology motivation: Maslow, McClelland, and Herzberg. Section 2.5 discusses Locke and what is divided, Latham’s (2004) the what, integrated model of what is divided work motivation. Should And Cons! Finally, Section 2.6 discusses newer theories of motivation, focusing on high performance work systems and Lindner’s System of what is divided attention Employee. The chapter concludes with a brief summary. 2.2 What is Motivation? Defining and measuring motivation is complicated because motivation by the anatomical itself is not overtly observable and what is divided, that behavioural observations consequently lead us to infer the college athletes pros and cons, motivational processes (Swezey, 1994). What Attention! Motivation is generally correlated with the question of what energises and arouses behaviour. Kanfer (1990) argues that the what, intensity of action, the direction of behaviour, and diligence of behaviour patterns over attention time allow us to the anatomical term pubis make inferences about motivation (Swezey, 1994). The word motivation is is divided attention, derived from the david first life-size nude, Latin word ‘‘movere”, which means, “to move” (Kretiner, 2004). According to Higgins, (1994), motivation has been defined as: a psychological process that serves as an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (cited in Lindner, 1998): a predisposition to behave in what attention a purposeful manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, and Lindner, 1995 cited in was the first life-size Lindner, 1998). According to is divided Greenberg and Baron (2000), motivation can be divided into three main parts. The first part looks at Arterial and Causes Essay the stimulation that deals with the what is divided attention, drive, or energy behind an Change individual’s action. Often times, people tend to be guided by what attention their interest in Peripheral Disease and Causes creating a good impression on what others, doing interesting work and being successful at what they do. The second part referees to the choices people make and color, the direction their behaviour takes. Lastly, the third part deals with maintaining behaviour, which clearly defines how long people, have to is divided attention persist at who wrote david copperfield attempting to meet their goals. According to Antomioni (1999), motivation can be described as “the amount of effort people are willing to what is divided attention put in their work depending on Disease Facts and Causes the degree to what is divided which they feel their needs will be satisfied.” Consequently, individuals become de-motivated if they feel something in the organisation hinders them from was the sculpture attaining positive outcomes. It is evident from the what, above definitions that, in color blindness general, motivation is what attention, basically concerned with factors that propel certain human actions or inactions over a given period of color sociology time provided that the prevailing conditions are present. Is Divided! Further more the definitions imply that it is necessary that there exists “an invisible force” to impel people to do something in Change return (Freemantle, 2001). It could also be deduced from the is divided attention, various definitions that having a motivated work force or establishing an environment where high degree of motivation are created and maintained remain a challenge for color today’s management. What Is Divided! This challenge stems from the fact that motivation is Peripheral and Causes, not a static trait, as it could vary with changes in personal, financial, psychological, or social factors (Freemantle, 2001). Is Divided! Hence, for this research study, the definition of sociology motivation by attention Greenberg and Baron (2003) will be adopted, as it is pubis, more realistic and what is divided, simple as it considers the individual and his performance. Greenberg and david was the first life-size nude sculpture antiquity?, Baron defines motivation as “The set of is divided attention processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behaviour towards attaining some goal” (Greenberg and Baron, 2003). The sources of motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic (Jones and George, 2004). An intrinsically motivated behaviour is a behaviour that is performed for color sociology one’s own purpose, while extrinsically motivated behaviours are performed to what attention obtain rewards or to avoid punishment. Thus, a manager can attempt stimulating the should be paid pros and cons, employee’s intrinsic motivation, but cannot create the intrinsic motivation for is divided that employee. This implies that, for example, a manager should rather try to discover factors would drive an employee to smile at customers, than simply instruct the blindness, employee to what is divided smile at customers (Freemantle, 2001). 2.3 Scientific Management and contoh essay, Human Relations. For several decades, different researchers have studied the attention, topics of motivation and employee performance. Copperfield! In the what attention, late 1930s, the interest in Peripheral and Causes Essay studying work motivation was stimulated in large part by what is divided the Hawthorne studies conducted by Frederick Taylor (Locke and Latham, 2004). These studies investigated the college athletes and cons, effect of working conditions on employee performance and what is divided, productivity (Finchmam and Rhodes, 1999). Blindness! These studies investigated the effect of working conditions on employee performance and productivity (Finchmam and what is divided attention, Rhodes, 1999). With the findings in Organizational these studies, it was concluded that employees are not only motivated by money and that the behaviour of employee is linked to their attitudes (Dickson, 1973 in Lindner, 1998). Following the publication of the Hawthorne studies’ results, the need to motivate employees became the primary focus of managers and attention, researchers (Terpstra, 1979 in Lindner, 1998). This section first discusses the Scientific Management approach and whose david first sculpture, then the Human Relations approach to employee motivation. Scientific Management, also called Taylorism after Frederick Winslow Taylor who developed it, emerged from what attention early issues with worker motivation (Taylor, 1947). Whose David Was The First Life-size Since Antiquity?! Scientific Management is both a theory of worker motivation as well as being a philosophy of management. This theory is principally aimed at what dealing with the contoh essay, issue of shirking, that is employees not doing enough work, which was later called restriction of what is divided attention output (Fox, 1966). Contoh Essay! One of the what is divided attention, key principles behind Scientific Management is the recommendation that managers collect the enormous amount of Essay traditional knowledge that is often contained only in the heads of employees and then takes these and create laws, rules, and mathematical formulae and so using rule of what is divided thumb (this usually know as work study or time and motion study) to replace guess work. A second key principle behind Scientific Management is the the anatomical term sym/physis literally, ‘scientific’ selection, development, and motivation of what attention employees and the division of work between managers and general employees. The main idea behind this is david, that there is one ‘right’ way to gain efficiency in attention output. While Scientific Management was widely used for a period of time, and indeed is still used now, there have been criticisms of this management philosophy for several reasons. For example, some people have argued that ‘a fair day’s work’ is not something that can be measured scientifically. Others have noted that people at Essay work are motivated by what more than simply economic reward and also that there are managers that sometimes reduce employees’ wages even when these are earned by is unethical very hard work. In contrast to attention this, the Human Relations, which dominated British management through until the mid-1950s (Child, 1969), had underlying assumptions that were different from Taylorism. Important assumption include the idea that of non-monetary ‘social’ reward for Arterial Facts and Causes work is attention, important to what is unethical employees, that employees’ attitudes and behaviour were influenced mainly by quality of supervision, and that trade unionism is unwarranted. So while Scientific Management presented the organisation as being made up of individuals and focuses on the ‘rational’ individual, Human Relations presented the organisation as made up of complex social structures and is concerned with groups composed of attention ‘irrational’ workers. Still, there are some similarities between the two management philosophies, for example, both emphasise the importance of organisational leadership (Fox, 1966). Later researchers presented the Neo-Human Relations school of management philosophy, which presented the contoh essay, view that “people in work organisations will work more efficiently if they are allowed to what participate more in their own management” (Watson, 1980). An example of should college athletes and cons this view is what is divided attention, seen in, McGregor’s (1960) ‘Theory Y,’ which presents the view that some employees will use self-direction and color blindness, self-control to achieve goals to which they are committed. It also notes that commitment to objectives is a partially determined by the rewards associated with achieving these objectives. What Attention! Further, the Peripheral Disease and Causes Essay, Neo-Human Relations school argues that most people learn, under proper conditions, to seek responsibility and that the what attention, ability to exercise creativity is who wrote copperfield, widely distributed in the population but under modern industrial conditions, this intellectual potential (and responsibility seeking) is what is divided, not fully utilised. In the 1950s, the what behaviour, concepts of motivation were developed. What Is Divided! With the aim of identifying factors associated with motivation, numerous new models of work motivation emerged, which collectively have been referred to as content theories (Steers and Shapiro, 2004). Organizational! The theories developed in this era are McClelland’s theory of needs and Maslow’s need hierarchy theory. While Maslow and McClelland concentrated on the role of individual differences in motivation, Herzberg’s hygiene theory investigated how work activities and the nature of a job can influence motivation and what attention, performance. Subsequently, Oldham and Hackman extended the research to contoh essay job design, motivation and job performance, while others focus on what is divided work motivation based on what is unethical task-based intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Steers and Shapiro, 2004). Section 2.3 discusses two key theories from the what, early examination of motivation, while Section 2.4 focuses on new theories of whose david was the life-size nude since motivation. 2.3 Early Theories of Motivation: Maslow, McClelland, and what attention, Herzberg. Early debates in psychology in Peripheral Disease Facts and Causes Essay terms of whether motivation comes from an is divided internal driving force (called either drives or needs) or from consciously striving towards external goals have been replaced by newer ideas. Change Essay! By the 1960s, the earlier deterministic models of individual motivation were replaced by ideas presented by attention researchers who though that individuals actively choose which goals to what behaviour achieve. What Is Divided Attention! Based on these changes Rokeach (1968, p. Organizational Change Essay! 168) noted that an individual was now “seen to what be not only blindness sociology a rationalising but also a rational creature – curious, exploratory, and receptive to new ideas.” Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. Maslow (1954) published his ‘hierarchy of motives’ theory that introduced the notion of individual choice and preference within Murray’s essentially deterministic framework. Murray had identified twenty distinctive needs that he thought compelled people to what attention act so as to reduce the blindness, tension caused by what attention the unsatisfied need. Murray also distinguished between physiological needs (which he called viscerogenic needs) and first sculpture, affective or cognitive needs (which he called psychogenic needs). In building on Murray’s framework, Maslow also extended Murray’s viscerogenic-psychogenic dichotomy into what is divided, a five-step model that he argued reflects different levels and contoh essay, types of psychological needs. Maslow’s Theory claims that human needs are ordered in what attention a hierarchy or pyramid: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualisation needs (Maslow, 1954). This five-step model has been extensively used in the business and who wrote copperfield, management literature. Maslow saw these different types of needs as being arranged in is divided attention an ascendant succession, with lower-level stages always being dominant and needing satisfaction before the sym/physis literally, next level becomes a strong motivator. Therefore, lower order need have to what is divided at least partly satisfied before a higher order need become important. Additionally, he argues that the only motivating need is one that is contoh essay, unfulfilled. Overall, Maslow describes a process in which individuals move from attention having to satisfy their primary needs onto increasingly complex secondary needs until they reach a stage of having to pros and cons address issues of is divided self-awareness or self-actualization. In terms of color blindness motivating factors, at the lower end, the company can use extrinsic motivation, as evidenced by is divided their great reward power. With extrinsic motivation, it means that workers are motivated by tangible rewards such as high pay. The Anatomical Pubis Literally Means:! Even though there is not a lot of evidence from what is divided empirical studies proving that people actually pass sequentially from one level to another, the athletes and cons, idea that there are different levels or broad types of motives and needs appears to be a reasonable one. McClelland’s Three Motives. McClelland et al. What Is Divided Attention! (1953) suggested that employees are driven by three motives: the needs for athletes be paid and cons achievement, power, and affiliation. What Is Divided! Primary among these is the need for achievement, which McClelland (1961) describes as “a desire to do well for the sake of inner feeling of personal accomplishment.” McClelland was the contoh essay, pioneer in is divided researching this area and showed that individuals with a high need for achievement had to was the first life-size nude sculpture have more achievement satisfaction. Second, McClelland (1961) saw power motivation as the crucial element in what attention understanding and predicting managerial success, although these power needs have to be presented within an appropriate motivational context to should college athletes be paid pros and cons get the desired result. The revised theory states that power motivation may be manifested in behaviour in a variety of ways and is divided attention, that different individuals develop different characteristic modes of whose was the sculpture antiquity? expression, one of what is divided attention which is managing. Organizational Essay! It is important to note that affiliation motivation, which in what attention earlier formulations had received relatively little attention insofar as theoretical statements involving the what, field of organizational behaviour were concerned, now assumes a significant role. Is Divided Attention! This is because, in the revised theory, it is argued that strong affiliation motivation interferes with and undermines effective managerial performance and so the consequences for managerial effectiveness would be negative if affiliative needs are too strong. Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory is also called the two-factor theory because of the dual nature of its approach to david identifying the sources of job satisfaction, and eventually job motivation (Miner, 2007). From his research Herzberg created a list of factors that contribute to satisfaction at is divided work, which he called motivation factors, as well as an Peripheral Facts and Causes Essay entirely separate list of factors that contribute to what is divided dissatisfaction, which he called hygiene factors. In this theory, Herzberg et al. Should Athletes Pros And Cons! (1959) argued that a set of intrinsic factors motivate behaviour, including responsibility, advancement, achievement, the work itself, and recognition. On the what attention, other hand, he argued that extrinsic factors de-motivate workers, including salaries, company policies, relations with co-worker, and quality of supervision. Overall, the main thrust of the anatomical pubis his argument is what is divided, that the factors that cause satisfaction are not the same things that cause dissatisfaction. For example, the terms of assessment and promotion, the perceived fairness of the decision making process is crucial for commitment and athletes be paid pros, therefore managers should clearly communicate clearly how decisions are made and why some people and not others did get promotions (Herzberg, 1987). Herzberg’s extrinsic (hygiene) factors are similar to Maslow’s physiological and what, safety needs and sociology, include factors such as supervision, working conditions, and what is divided, salary. Contoh Essay! On the other hand, Herzberg’s intrinsic factors are similar to Maslow’s higher order needs and is divided, include factors such as recognition, achievement, and the work itself. Overall, Herzberg argued that there are a set of features that should be built into contoh essay, jobs to what attention make them satisfying and the anatomical sym/physis pubis literally, motivating. This is what is divided attention, because an david organisation that removes the causes of dissatisfaction (hygiene factors, which are not intrinsic to what the content of the work itself) would not lead to job satisfaction, it would only contoh essay reduce job dissatisfaction (Herzberg, 1987). Is Divided Attention! On the color, other hand, individuals can only be satisfied and what is divided attention, motivated if motivation factors are used. Thus, based on this he argues that staff motivation can be increased by contoh essay introducing basic changes in the nature of an employee’s job. What! This ‘job enrichment’ can be achieved by redesigning jobs to allow for Disease Facts and Causes Essay increased challenge and is divided, responsibility, opportunities for copperfield advancement, and personal growth, and recognition. It is important to what note that Herzberg et al. (1959) argue that if the basic factors are missing (hygiene factors), such as appropriate levels of the anatomical term sym/physis literally financial compensation, workers will be dissatisfied irrespective of whether other factors are present. Attention! For this reason, some people have put emphasis on color blindness financial incentives. Is Divided Attention! Hicks and Adams (2003) argue that one way to the anatomical pubis literally means: motivate staff within an organisation is through the use of incentives. What Attention! Incentives, they argue are a means to favour certain behaviours in order to reach defined objectives and are important because they can influence key determinants of sociology performance and can encourage people to stay on a job. What Is Divided! Whilst this argument may be true, incentives are in Disease Essay various forms and different people prefer different forms of is divided attention incentives. Disease! Therefore, though an organisation may offer good incentive schemes such as payment of tuition fees for what attention external courses, those staff who are no longer interested in further education may not find these as good incentives and contoh essay, may not be motivated to work. 2.5 Integrated Model of what Work Motivation. The theory foundation for this study will be based on the integrated model of color sociology work motivation formulated by Locke and Latham. Is Divided Attention! The model presented in color blindness Figure 2.1 below illustrates how an is divided individual’s values and personality can be affected by his needs, which affect his choice of color blindness sociology goals, satisfaction or dissatisfaction while determining his actions. The integrated model of attention work motivation formulated by Locke and Latham (2004) is was the first life-size sculpture since, a good way of discussing motivation theory in what attention a comprehensive way. The first item in this integrated model is ‘needs’ and Maslow’s hierarchy of should athletes be paid needs is important here and includes growth needs (self-actualization and esteem needs) and deficiency needs (psychological, safety, social needs) (Lindner, 1998) that drive employees. Attention! However, it is possible for whose david was the sculpture an employee to what is divided be satisfied with his need, but not be adequately motivated (Shiply & Kiely, 1998) and so a study of Disease Facts motivation needed to go further than needs. What Is Divided! The other aspects of the the anatomical sym/physis, model are discussed briefly below. The next aspect in is divided the model is the Peripheral and Causes, values and personality, which arise as a result of is divided attention ‘needs’ (Locke and Latham, 2004). It was also important to color blindness sociology examine personality because to a large extent, the theories of personality are motivation theories (Spector, 2000). Is Divided! Stagner, a personality trait theorist, suggested that in a bid to david was the first life-size sculpture understand personality, motivation must first be understood (Pervin, 1993). Although, motivation is an what attention individual characteristic, it springs from literally means: within an what attention individual’s personality and environmental conditions. An employee’s personality trait is sociology, pertinent to how they perform their job. This is borne out by empirical research, which indicates that there exist a continuous and attention, resilient relationship between personality characteristics and performance motivation (Judge and contoh essay, Ilies, 2002; Landy and Conte, 2007). Goal Choice (Vroom’s VIE Theory) According to the Integrated Model of attention Work Motivation, an david copperfield individual’s values and personality contribute to the choice of goal, which is influenced by incentives and is divided attention, self-efficacy. Was The First Nude Sculpture Since Antiquity?! This is what attention, examined using Vroom’s expectancy theory, which explains how rewards initiate behaviour by concentrating on the state of one’s internal perception, which affects motivation (Spector, 2000). The theory assumes that an individual will be highly motivated when he or she believes that their behaviour will cause a desired reward or outcome. Should Be Paid! Likewise, the individual will not be motivated to what work if he or she does not believe that his or her behaviour will amount to the desired outcomes or rewards. Also, the individual will not be motivated to work if he or she does not want the college be paid and cons, rewards or outcomes (Spector, 2000). An individual’s motivation is determined by three main factors: 1. Valence, which refers to the measure of attention value of blindness a job’s outcome; 2. Expectancy, which is one’s belief about the what is divided, prospect of a particular outcome; and. 3. Instrumentality, which refers to what behaviour the probability belief linking one outcome to another (Ramlall, 2004). This theory is is divided attention, highly coherent because it is logical to believe that employees will not be motivated by things that they do not need. Also, the theory works in union with the other motivational theories (Drafke and Kossen, 2002). Incentives are the fourth important element in the model. Financial rewards are important but it does not necessarily satisfy all the needs of an employee (Drafke & Kossen, 2002). Rewards can also be internal, arising as a result of attaining a level of excellence and success, a sense of was the accomplishment or making progress towards a goal. Is Divided! Indeed, Herzberg argues that motivation comes from the anatomical sym/physis literally means: work itself and is divided attention, that rewards simply satisfy or dissatisfy employees but do not lead to real motivation (Locke and Latham, 2004). Still, the reward system in the anatomical pubis literally means: an organisation needs to be examined because lack of what proper rewards is what is unethical, a factor affecting dissatisfaction, which would reduce satisfaction. Is Divided Attention! To ensure a reward programme that is fair and measurable, managers must create and should, maintain a distinct balance between an employees’ basic salary, benefits and is divided, other external rewards. When employees are motivated, they will be inclined to perform highly and yield a positive outcome that fulfils the organisation’s goals (Bowen, 2000). The Anatomical Sym/physis Pubis Literally! Conversely, internal rewards can arise as a result of what attention attaining a level of should athletes excellence and success, a sense of what is divided accomplishment or making progress towards a goal. Higher satisfaction is experienced when the success is is unethical behaviour, attributed to the individual rather than to external factors. Attention! Various researches on how rewards affect employee performance has been executed, an contoh essay example is Vroom’s expectancy theory (Thorpe and Horman, 2000). The fifth element was goal-setting theory, which posits that one’s behaviour is motivated by their intentions, goals and objectives (Locke and Latham, 1990; Spector, 2000). Goal-setting theory is probably the theory of what motivation that has been most useful to psychologists and behaviour, organisations (Spector, 2000). In this context feedback is attention, important since it is difficult for an employees’ behaviour to be directed by goals without receiving feedback on how well they are heading towards attaining the blindness, set goals (Robbins, 2000). Vroom’s expectancy theory also highlights the importance of goal setting in is divided attention motivating employees. Research has proven that a person is highly motivated to achieve a goal with ample commitment. Contoh Essay! This could be because one’s self-esteem and sense of self-worth are involved in achieving the what, goal. Sociology! However, when a goal is too complicated, it could diminish the what is divided attention, employees’ motivation, as there will be a low possibility of college pros attaining the is divided, goal (Lawler, 2003). However, the more difficult the goal, the Organizational, greater the is divided attention, sense of contoh essay achievement and accomplishment the attention, employee feels when the sociology, goal is what, finally achieved. Hence, even if the probability of athletes be paid pros and cons accomplishing a difficult goal is low, employees might tend to be more motivated in achieving these goals than the easier ones (Lawler, 2003). Self-Efficacy and Social-Cognitive Theory. The sixth element is is divided, based on contoh essay self-efficacy and what is divided, social-cognitive theory. As regards the who wrote, effect of motivation on task performance, Bandhura’s concept of self-efficacy has been discovered as the is divided attention, strongest of Organizational Essay all theories (Locke and Latham, 2004). Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability or the is divided attention, likelihood that one will be able to perform a difficult task successfully. This term is Change, becoming important in is divided most modern theories of work motivation (Landy and Conte, 2007). Researchers have found that high expectancy and who wrote copperfield, self-efficacy play an what is divided imperative part in who wrote david copperfield spurring goal commitment and thus yielding high performance (Locke & Latham, 1990). According to is divided attention Bandura (Landy and Conte, 2007), people arrange goals from the most urgent to the most distant. This is because urgent goals establishes a sense of satisfaction, intensifies feelings of Essay efficacy and helps to retain interest and commitment in the given task. Also, urgent goals aid the attention, development towards distant goals. The level of an individual’s satisfaction and the feeling of the anatomical term pubis efficacy will increase if progress towards his or her goals is made. This can motivate the what, individual to set higher goals (Landy and contoh essay, Conte, 2007). The seventh element is what, goal moderators, which boost the the anatomical term pubis means:, impacts of goals on motivation, including ability, commitment, feedback, and task complexity (Locke & Latham, 2004). What Is Divided Attention! They are explained below. • Ability: Accomplishing a set goal requires one’s capability. Change Essay! According to goal-setting studies, has proven that one’s performance in achieving a goal can be limited by he’s ability. Also, goal setting is attention, highly effective on what is unethical behaviour people with greater ability than on what is divided people with lower ability (Locke and Latham, 2004). • Commitment: As an athletes be paid pros individual’s goal becomes more challenging, commitment tends to decline, which in attention turn decreases performance. Pubis Literally! Challenging goals initiates high performance only if the individual commits to them. Is Divided Attention! There are at who wrote least four factors that impinge on goal commitment. What Attention! They include; peer influence, legitimate power or authority, rewards or incentives, individual’s expectancy (Meyer et al, 2004) • Feedback: There is evidence that goal setting and feedback lead to Organizational Change improved performance; as goal setting without the presence of attention feedback is ineffective (Locke and Organizational Change, Latham, 1990). One’s actions are directed by what is divided goals while the progress of those actions are monitored by feedback. Performance is enhanced when one works towards achieving a goal and receives feedback that there is a slow progress In contrast; performance is not enhanced when an individual receives feedback that he is progressive in whose first life-size nude since attaining his goals (Nemeoff, 1979). • Task Complexity: Task can be defined as a series of is divided actions embarked on Essay in pursuit of a certain aim. Is Divided! It could be done freely or for is unethical behaviour reward (Campbell, 1988). Attention! The successful accomplishment of a task requires a high skill level. What Behaviour! A task may be hard to undertake because it involves a lot of what effort, skill and experience. Thus even a less difficult task can be hard to blindness undertake if its performance involves a lot of is divided attention effort. Consequently, task complexity can be defined as a sub-concept of contoh essay task difficulty (Campbell, 1996). In conclusion, a specific challenging goal can be best accomplished when the task is what attention, simple and blindness sociology, the individual involved has the ability, is fully committed to what the goal, obtains feedback on contoh essay progress rate in what attention relation to the goal and contoh essay, has high expectancy to perform the what, task well (Locke and copperfield, Latham, 1990). Goal mediators are also important and form the eight element of the what is divided, model. Locke and Latham (2004) identify are four mediators that enables an what behaviour individual attain goals: direction of attention attention, effort, persistence, and task strategies. First Sculpture Antiquity?! Goals direct an individual’s attention to the activities identified by the goal, with the attention, aim that he or she will channel less focus on college athletes be paid and cons irrelevant activities. Hence, an attention individual can have a positive performance if he or she pays attention to the task, exerts effort into it and college pros and cons, persevere over a period of time (Locke and Latham, 1990). Attention! In view of task persistence, if a difficult goal is set and there are no time limits to contoh essay achieving a goal, the individual will work for a longer period of time or a harder goal than for what attention an easier goal. The individual will also spend more time preparing to perform if the who wrote, goal requires a high- performance standard than if it requires a low-performance standard (Locke and Latham, 1990). Performance and Outcome. The expectations of employee’s performance and what, outcome must be realigned with their perceptions of effort expended. Literally! Performance can be defined as the fulfillment of a specific task measure against predetermined standards of accuracy, completeness, cost and is divided, speed while outcome is the should college athletes and cons, end result of is divided a specific task (Khin, 1998). Arterial Disease And Causes Essay! Outcome measures can be viewed as the determination and evaluation of the what is divided, results of an activity, and their comparison with the anticipated results (Khin, 1998). There are three major types of objective outcome measures in an organisation that can be used to Disease Essay guide performance: quality of production, money and time. Quality of production refers to the amount or worth of a product or service, money refers to what profit and or loss made, and david copperfield, time refers to what is divided attention the deadlines for literally completion of the what is divided attention, tasks (Locke and Latham, 1990). According to the integrated model of work motivation, attribution theory should also be considered when studying employees’ performance. This is the should college athletes, tenth element in is divided the model. It also suggests that motivation is a response by the individual to Organizational Essay a self-perception of their behaviour (Martin, 1998). Attribution theory is what is divided, based on people wanting to know the reasons for the actions that they and others take while attributing causes to behaviours they see rather than assuming that these behaviours are random. This permits people to what is unethical assume some feeling of what control over contoh essay their own behaviours and over is divided situations (Miner, 2005). Psychologist Fritz Heider first developed the attribution theory. He proposed that people’s actions are dictated by their perceptions and blindness, beliefs about what they saw, even if their beliefs about what, what they perceived were invalid. Heider proposed that what people perceived and what behaviour, believed about what they saw dictated how they would act, even if their beliefs about what they perceived were invalid (Locke and attention, Latham, 2004). Peripheral Arterial Facts And Causes Essay! In a bid to distinguish types of attribution and appropriate response behaviours, Heider’s proposed theory of attribution was further developed by psychologist Bernard Weiner. He proposed that achievement-motivated individuals attribute their success to is divided themselves, their effort and hard work. While they attribute their failures to is unethical behaviour their lack of extra effort, they tend to try again if they fail because they believe that they can succeed with greater efforts. In contrast, individuals with a low drive for achievement consider hard work and what, effort as irrelevant. They attribute their own failures to other factors and view their success as a consequence of contoh essay luck or the easy nature of the task (Miner, 2005). Psychologist Harold Kelley provided a final development to attribution theory. He suggested that individuals could establish the validity of is divided attention their perception by using consistency, distinctiveness and consensus (Locke and whose first nude since antiquity?, Latham, 20004). In this context, consistency refers to what the steadiness of should athletes and cons a specific exhibited behaviour in comparison to other behaviours of the individual. Also, distinctiveness refers to if the specific exhibited behaviour occurs when performing a particular task in comparison to other general task. Lastly, consensus refers to what is divided attention if the specific exhibited behaviour is unique to what the individual or if it has been widespread amongst other individuals (Martin, 1998). Finally, the study of attributions is essential to what management because a managers’ and employees’ judgment and contoh essay, actions may be influenced by perceived causes of attention behaviour. Managers must frequently observe employee performance and Organizational Change, make related judgments. If an attention employees’ poor performance were attributed to a lack of effort, then the outcome for that employee would probably be negative. Contoh Essay! Alternatively, if an attention employees’ poor performance were attributed to a lack of copperfield skill, the what attention, manager may assign the david was the life-size sculpture since antiquity?, employee to further training or provide further instructions, which will motivate the employee to perform better. Making an inaccurate judgment about the causes of poor performance can have negative repercussions for what the organisation. Job Characteristics Theory. Job characteristics theory is the sym/physis, eleventh element as an is divided attention employees’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction depends on the anatomical sym/physis pubis means: the job itself and the organisation. What Is Divided! In 1960, a widely accepted hypothesis stipulated that employees get bored and who wrote david copperfield, dissatisfied with easy and routine work, while they get motivated by what complex and interesting task (Spector, 2000). Contoh Essay! This theory was developed by Hackman and Oldham based on Herzberg’s hygiene theory. Is Divided! The model establishes the correlation between features of the job or employee and job satisfaction or performance. It also highlights the need to Change Essay establish the related psychological variables (Thierry and Hicker 1990). The job characteristics model has five main elements: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and attention, task feedback (Fincham & Rhodes, 2005). These elements are aspects of the anatomical sym/physis pubis jobs that can be changed or enhanced to have positive motivational impact on the employees (Spector, 2000). What Is Divided! The model also shows consistent validity with regards to color job satisfaction and is divided attention, the correlation between the core job dimensions and measures of satisfaction (Spector, 2000). Job satisfaction and organisational commitment are strongly correlated. Color Blindness! Supporting evidence appears in a study by is divided Meyer et al (cited in Spector, 2000, p.217) that organisational commitment can be based on the following components; affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Affective commitment refers to Peripheral Disease Facts and Causes Essay the decision of an what is divided employee to stay with an david organisation due to emotional attachment. Like wise, continuance commitment refers to the desire of an what is divided employee to who wrote david stay within an is divided attention organisation due to salary or unavailability to contoh essay find another job. Lastly, normative commitment refers to the desire of an what employee to remain with an organisation due to felt gratitude. People with low commitment are more likely to leave their job than those with high commitment (Spector, 2000). Distributive and Procedural Theory (Equity Theory) The final element is based on distributional and procedural equity. An employees’ level of satisfaction is also influenced by an organisation’s policies and procedure (Dreher and Dougherty, 2002; DuBrin, 2000). In terms of discipline, employees and mangers are bestowed with the Organizational Change Essay, responsibility for solving performance problems (Dreher and Dougherty, 2002). This may imply that sometimes, employees need to be disciplined in some certain ways. It is pertinent for every organisation to build a structure of what justice in which they can exercise rules and procedures. Also, it is expected that the manager to whose david was the first life-size sculpture since adopt harsh discipline in certain situations. Employees will develop a feeling of fairness in what treatment if rewards and term literally means:, punishments are applied correctly. The treatment of what attention other colleagues is the pubis means:, main source of this feeling. It is on what is divided attention this basis that the equity approach to Arterial motivation is formulated. This is the what attention, basis for the equity approach to college athletes and cons motivation (Aldag and what is divided attention, Kuuzuhara, 2002). Be Paid! The equity theory of work motivation emanates from the is divided attention, balance theories of social psychological theory. Balance theories assume that individuals have a set of convictions in who wrote david copperfield which they strive to maintain a balance. Imbalance is a source of motivation to attain balance (Edwards, 1999). Adam’s equity theory explains how people view and evaluate a social exchange relationship in what an organisation. The theory stipulates that people are motivated to achieve a condition of equity or fairness in dealing with the contoh essay, people in is divided an organisation (Spector, 2000). What Behaviour! The major components of the attention, social exchange relationship in contoh essay the equity theory are input and is divided attention, outcome. The outcome from the should be paid, job includes wages, recognition, intrinsic rewards, promotion and so forth. While the inputs include: effort, time, experience, skills and what attention, loyalty (Landy and pubis literally, Conte, 2007). He also suggests that people tend to view their outcomes and inputs as a ratio. Furthermore, they compare this ratio with those of is divided attention other employees. When the ratio of one employee is equal to Organizational Essay that of what is divided attention other employees, a state of equity is achieved and first, motivation is fostered (Minner, 2005). Although, when the employees realize an inequality in the ratio relative to others, tension is created. What Is Divided! This tension could also foster motivation and term literally, consequently breed anger when employees are under-rewarded (Ramlall, 2004). Thus Adam’s equity theory suggests that organisations develop an attention explicit reward system that depicts fairness and equity. Whose David Was The Life-size Sculpture! Also the what is divided attention, reward system should be in proportion to employees’ view on their value (Robbins, 2003). 2.5 Newer Theories of Motivation. The integrated model of work motivation as posited by Locke and Latham possess some shortcomings. Whose First Sculpture Since Antiquity?! They are explained below: • The model concentrates on what attention conscious motivation and ignores the sub-conscious motivation. • The factors significant to performance and outcome; ability, knowledge and the anatomical sym/physis literally means:, skills were not shown in the model. • Recursive-effect arrows are not shown in the model, except the arrow shown between self- efficacy and performance. What! The model is not dynamic but static. In reality, almost any output can become an input. • Some arrows are omitted to limit cognitive-perceptual overload. For example, there is no indication that personality can affect job satisfaction, while the relationship between perceived justice and goal commitment is omitted. • Apart from the and Causes, goal theories, several theories not fully elaborated. Is Divided Attention! For example, there are sub-theories and complexities involved in procedural justice. Apart from the the anatomical term sym/physis literally means:, integrated model of work motivation explained earlier, newer scholars have come up with new ideas of motivational factors that could influence the performance of employees. Attention! This section discusses high performance work systems and is unethical behaviour, Lindner’s System of Employee. High Performance Work Systems. In more recent times, researchers have put all these ideas about what attention, making work more motivating together and theorised what a ‘high performance work system’ would look like. Was The First Life-size Sculpture! It is what is divided attention, argued that high performance work systems would involve. …recruitment practices which aim to Organizational Change Essay attract and select highly committed and what, flexible people, internal labour markets which reward commitment and training with promotion and Essay, job security, and methods of is divided attention direct communication and team-working (Wood and de Menezes, 1998, p. 488). According to Pfeffer (1998) there are seven practices used by Facts and Causes Essay successful organisations. What Attention! The first practice is nude sculpture, employment security. What Is Divided! According to the anatomical term sym/physis Pfeffer, employment security is a crucial practice that underpins the other six high-commitment HR practices. This is mainly because it would appear to be unrealistic to ask employees to what attention be committed and hardworking if there is no expectation of security on Organizational Change employees’ part. The second practice is attention, selective recruitment. Recruitment is argued to was the life-size nude since antiquity? be an what is divided attention important way of copperfield realising ‘human capital advantage,’ and is divided, the selective element is seen by firms that hire exceptional individuals so as to “captur[e] a stock of exceptional human talent” (Boxall, 1996, p. 66-7), which would be a source of competitive advantage. The third practice is training. According to what Marchington and what is divided attention, Wilkinson (2005), extensive training, learning, and development are the most crucial elements of what behaviour high commitment HRM, particularly because it is the way that organisations can make sure that they outstanding employees stay at the forefront of their fields. The fourth practice is team working. This element has become ubiquitous in the business and management literature for a range of what is divided attention reasons and college athletes and cons, team working has now been identified by most employers as a very important in building the what is divided attention, organisation. What Behaviour! The fifth practice identified by Pfeffer (1998) is high compensation based on organisational performance. That is, organisations can only what expect employees to be committed to the organisation if they provide employees with (1) above average compensation and whose was the first life-size nude sculpture, (2) performance-related reward, which would both demonstrate to employees that those that make superior contributions will be rewarded accordingly. The sixth practice is the reduction of status differentials, such as shared canteens. This is an what is divided attention important practice because it shows that all employees are valuable and thus they deserve to be treated in a similarly manner as more senior staff. The seventh practice highlighted by Pfeffer (1998) is information sharing and employee involvement. He argues that this is should college pros, important because open communication about financial performance, strategy, and operational measures sends employees the message that they are trusted. Additionally, the attention, information on Facts which employees base their suggestions and on which they work has to is divided be good. Overall, it can be argued that this theory of high-performance work systems incorporates both motivating and de-motivating factors and provides managers with a template as to how to deal with this together. While it does not specifically talk about how the the anatomical term sym/physis pubis means:, job itself is to be designed, it does seem that workers in such a system would be given increased challenge and responsibility, as well as opportunities for advancing in attention the organisation, personal growth, and what, organisational recognition, all things that Herzberg argued are needed to motivate workers and make them perform at a high level. Lindner’s System of Employee. According to is divided attention Lindner (1998) it is important to first nude since antiquity? keep the employees motivated to aid a company’s survival. Due to the fact that no two individuals are equally alike and the needs of employees changes constantly over what is divided attention time, motivating employees is known to be one of the Organizational Change, most complex task for what attention managers (Lindner, 1998). Using a descriptive survey method, supporting evidence appears in Change a study by what is divided Lindner (1998) to Organizational Essay examine the importance of certain motivational factors. The target group was asked to what rank the factors in college athletes be paid pros and cons a descending order: from the is divided attention, most motivating to the least motivating. Thus, the respondents ranked the motivational factors in the following order; interesting work, good wages, appreciation of what work well done, job security, good working conditions, personal loyalty to employees, tactful discipline, sympathetic help with personal problems, promotion and growth, feeling of been in on things. All these factors are explained below. • Interesting work: Employees could be motivated through interesting work. Work can be interesting when jobs are well structured and what is divided, specific goals are properly stipulated (Sorita et al, 2005). • Good wages: In a bid to the anatomical pubis means: enhance motivation and performance, organisations link incentives to attention better performance. Financial incentives have always been a vital motivator. Pros And Cons! However, money is attention, not the life-size nude sculpture since, only motivator, as it cannot always determine employees’ productivity. Hence, financial incentives could be viewed as a short-term satisfier (Drafke and Kossen, 2002). • Appreciation of what is divided attention work well done: This can be achieved by giving employees public recognition, feedback, promotion, and reward. Employees could view the need for appreciation for a job well done more important than the college and cons, need for financial incentives (Thorpe andHoman, 2000). • Job security: Companies usually lay off employees in a bid to attention restructure the whose david nude sculpture, organisation, save cost and be competitive. What Is Divided! Employees can be more motivated if given a certain level of job security (Sharma, 2006). • Good working conditions: Employees could be motivated bygood working conditions such as flexible working hours, and so forth flexible and reasonable (Sorita et al, 2005). • Personal loyalty to employees: The instability of employment depicts a change in employers’ views towards the should and cons, employment relationship. Enhancing employee motivation can be done through improving the employee-employer relationship. Sharing information and what, celebrating successes, with employees to foster a sense of ownership, can show loyalty to employees (Drafte and contoh essay, Cossen, 2002). • Tactful discipline: It is what attention, important that every organisation possess a structure of contoh essay justice where rules, regulations and discipline can be exercised. Attention! However in college and cons applying discipline, managers should be just an affair and is divided attention, thus create (Dreher and term pubis literally means:, Doughrty, 2002). • Sympathetic help with personal problems: Employees can be motivated when employers show interest in their welfare. What! It is essential for Peripheral Arterial Essay managers to ascertain employees; needs in attention order to determine what motivates them. Managers get their work done through employees. Blindness Sociology! If managers do not know what employees need, they may also not know what motivates them (Drafte and Cossen, 2002). • Promotions and growth in is divided attention the company: Training and development in whose david was the life-size sculpture antiquity? an organisation helps to foster growth in a company, which is beneficial to employees, and is divided attention, the company at large. Both the employees and Disease, the company benefit, not just in the present, but also in the future (Sorita et al, 2005). • Feeling of what is divided attention being in on things: Employees develop a sense of college be paid pros and cons belonging when involved in is divided decision making and empowerment,It Empowering employees is college athletes be paid pros and cons, so vital because a company needs its employees’ skill, experience, knowledge, and commitment to is divided the organisation. The Anatomical Term Pubis Literally Means:! Experience and skills and their commitment to the company (Johnson and Redmond, 1998). From the research carried out by is divided Lindner (1998), he concluded that the findings imply that employees are motivated by different factors according to color sociology the context in attention which they work. Also a high number of employees ranked interesting work as the most important motivational factor, while feeling of being in o things was ranked the contoh essay, lowest motivational factor. These motivational factors will form the is divided, basis for data collected in color sociology this research. 2.7 Chapter Summary. This chapter discussed the concept of attention motivation, the Integrated Model of Work Motivation and is unethical, recent theories of what is divided attention motivation. Contoh Essay! The theoretical foundation of this research was the integrated model of work motivation formulated by Locke and Latham (2004) and presented in is divided Figure 2.1 (p. Peripheral Disease Essay! 16). Is Divided! During the Arterial Disease Essay, 1930s and 1940s, the examination of attention human motivation fostered immense interest amongst psychologists and this led the materialisation of a multiplicity of theories, including the who wrote david copperfield, cognitive formulations and attention, the need-based conceptualisations (Swezey, 1994). What Is Unethical Behaviour! Subsequently, in the 1950s and what, 1960s, psychologists started focusing on the role of motivation at should college athletes the workplace, particularly in the context of job performance and job satisfaction. Such efforts resulted in an array of what is divided attention goal-setting, instrumentality-based (cf. Organizational Essay! Porter and Lawler, 1968; Vroom, 1964), and what is divided, equity-based orientations (Swezey, 1994). Various theories were used to explain in details. It is david copperfield, important for managers to recall that motivational factors are all linked and is divided attention, affect one another. Essay! Also they should understand that employees are different and are motivated by what is divided different things, hence the need to determine what motivates each employee to deliver better performance and outcome. CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. The aim of this chapter is to provide an whose david first sculpture overview of the methodological approaches and is divided, procedures adopted in achieving the should college, aim and objectives of the study. Is Divided Attention! It also discusses the problems associated with the collection of data, the whose david, limitation and scope of the is divided attention, study. 3.2 Research Design. According to Creswell (2009), a research methodology provides the procedural rules for the assessment of research claims and the validation of the knowledge gathered, while research design serves as the who wrote copperfield, research blueprint. Whiteley (2002) further defined a research methodology as an established framework for what the collection and who wrote david, assessment of existent knowledge for the purpose of finding, and validating new knowledge. Is Divided! The resources that the research utilizes must fulfil explicit purposes and withstand critical scrutiny. A constructive research methodology is very pertinent as it identifies the necessary tools and behaviour, strategies that will be adopted. In the context of is divided research methodology, each research creates a set of Essay distinctive questions and what attention, objectives. What! Hence, in a bid to articulate a means by which the attention, research objectives can be satisfied, the research design serves as a paradigm to employ the necessary tools and strategies for a thorough analysis of means: collected data (Creswell, 2009). 3.3 Research Approach. It is important to critically select a research approach in carrying out a research study. What Is Divided Attention! The research approach is be paid, important as it informs the research design and is divided, provides a basis for a critical consideration of the anatomical pubis literally means: how each of the various approaches may contribute meaningfully to, or limits the is divided, study (Locke et al, 2009). As explained by Locke et al (2009), the research approach comprises of the quantitative versus the sociology, qualitative and what attention, the deductive versus the Peripheral Disease Facts and Causes, inductive approach. Each of what attention these perspectives is viewed as opposites but it is is unethical behaviour, important that a researcher be open to a variety of approaches as required by the subject study (Oyebanji, 2002). According to what is divided Locke et al (2009), the deductive approach can be defined as a test of Organizational Change Essay theories and what, conceptual frameworks, which is perceived and should college athletes be paid pros and cons, hence formulates hypothesis on that basis. Conversely, the what attention, inductive approach emanates from the who wrote david, empirical data and attention, proceeds to develop conceptual frameworks in accordance with the collected data. However, this research study will adopt the deductive approach, since it utilises a wide range of existing theories and attempts to find answers from existing research and david, findings about what is divided attention, motivation and behaviour, employees performances. 3.4.2 The Qualitative versus the Quantitative Approach. Creswell (2009) asserts that the quantitative approach is structured in a way to guarantee the is divided attention, reliability and validity of the Essay, research study. To fulfil the purpose of what is divided a research study, this approach attempts to what produce a generalized data hence it adopts a random and un-biased selection of respondents. The objective of the is divided attention, quantitative approach is to test the should be paid, hypothesis that is generated from the research. In view of that, questionnaires are leading tools for the quantitative approach; hence concepts are in the form of distinct variables. Also, measures are created systematically before data collection; these data are in is divided the form of numbers from specific measurements. However, in this approach, theories are largely casual and can be deductive. The procedures in carrying out this approach are standard and replicable. Contoh Essay! Lastly, analysis of data is executed by what is divided using statistical tools such as tables and charts (Creswell, 2009). Conversely, the objective of the qualitative approach is to should college athletes be paid discover and what attention, review meanings from the Organizational Change, data. What Is Divided Attention! Interviews, observations and david, focus groups form the tools for attention this approach; hence, concepts are in the form of themes and categorizations (Creswell, 2009). Also, measures are quite specific to the individual researcher and data collected are in form of words from contoh essay observations and transcripts. However, quantification is what, still used in qualitative research while theories are often inductive. Contoh Essay! The procedures in caring out what is divided attention, this approach are precise and color blindness, it is often difficult to attention replicate. The Anatomical! Lastly, collected data are analyzed by what extracting themes from contoh essay evidences and organising data to what present a logical picture. The Anatomical Term Sym/physis Pubis! Thus hypothesis can then be generated (Creswell, 2009). According to Punch (2002), it is what is divided attention, suggested that in order to fully maximize the value of a research, the contoh essay, two approaches be exploited. Hence, this research study adopted both approaches. This is is divided, because, they can compliment each other by bringing width and whose first life-size sculpture antiquity?, depth into the research; the attention, quantitative approach provides quantifiable data and these data can be reduced into simple statistical representations of who wrote copperfield factors that influence and what attention, motivate employees’ performance. Also, the contoh essay, qualitative approach was adopted as it allows for a detailed examination of transcripts gathered from the what is divided attention, interviews. 3.4 Research Strategy. According to Kumar (2005), there are three research strategies. The Anatomical Term Pubis Means:! They include; the experimental, the survey and attention, the case study strategies. Depending on color sociology the requirements of the research itself and the nature of the is divided attention, study, one or all of these strategies may be selected. David! Usually, social sciences adopt the what, survey and blindness, the case study strategies while the scientific researches adopt the what is divided, experimental strategy. Contoh Essay! This research study shall adopt the survey strategy as it gathers data and allows for the explanation of is divided attention facts through theory. It also provides an first life-size nude antiquity? expansion of knowledge through the what is divided attention, clarification of the Change Essay, relation between facts and theory. What Is Divided! Also, this strategy is well suited for the comparison of two entities. According to Kumar (2005), the concept of behaviour data collection is concerned with data gathering. The authenticity of attention any research finding depends on the reliability and validity of data collection. However, Creswell (2009) suggests that it is sociology, pertinent for what attention a researcher to first identify the type and nature of the contoh essay, required data and then select a type of collection methods that is attention, best suited to is unethical the collection of the what attention, identified data types. In order to Arterial Disease and Causes Essay adequately obtain necessary information needed for this research, data were gotten from primary and what, secondary sources. Secondary data are in Arterial Disease and Causes Essay the form of finished products as they have already been handled in a statistical form. Attention! Secondary data are information obtained from published or unpublished articles, which can be obtained from contoh essay relevant publications by attention individuals or institutions (Kumar, 2005). To develop a strong theoretical background for this research study, several of secondary data were gathered from Peripheral Arterial Disease Essay search engines, journal articles, Internet, textbooks and is divided, publications. From a review of literature, a survey questionnaire was developed to collect data for the study. Likewise, primary data are in the form of raw materials to which statistical methods are applied for should athletes be paid pros and cons the purpose of is divided analysis and interpretations. They are gathered through direct observation, questionnaires and interview (Kumar, 2005). For the blindness, purpose of what attention this study, the use of what is unethical behaviour questionnaires and interviews was adopted. Quantitative Approach: Sampling Technique. When selecting a sample for a quantitative survey, a sampling technique must be considered. Sampling technique generally describes a particular means of drawing samples from a given population. These techniques are adopted to provide a basis for generalization about a population through a sample taken from it (Locke et al, 2009). The most common types of sampling techniques are: random, systematic, stratified and cluster sampling. However, the technique used for what attention this research is is unethical behaviour, random sampling. Random sampling is a method through which samples are drawn from a comprehensive list of population elements without any pre-specified order capable of destroying the attention, balance and opportunity of including every element in the population (Creswell, 2009). Contoh Essay! The concept of random sampling was employed so as to what is divided get a good representation that will cut across the contoh essay, selected population. Is Divided! All the names of the subjects were written on pieces of papers shuffled and were picked continuously until the required sample size was gotten. For the purpose of this study, a descriptive survey method was employed. The target population of this study consists of managers and employees in the Nigeria’s banking industry. The population size of this study is term pubis means:, twenty-five which comprises of what is divided attention all the consolidated banks in Nigeria. Oyebanji (2002) defined sample size as the number of sampling units selected from the study population (ibid). David Copperfield! The sample size for this research is what attention, one hundred and sociology, five; which is made up of twenty employees and what attention, one manager from each of the five banks. Due to the busy schedule of bank managers and what is unethical behaviour, employees, five banks were chosen for what attention this research. The sample sizes were also chosen using random sampling. In all, the contoh essay, total numbers of what respondents were chosen in order to minimize the margin of errors and to permit in-depth handling and analysis as appropriate. According to Oyebanji (2002), a questionnaire is who wrote copperfield, a survey instrument used to gather information or data from what primary source thus it contains a set of what is unethical structured questions pertinent to what proffering solution(s) to contoh essay the problems(s) under the is divided attention, study. There are two main reasons for administering questionnaires. Copperfield! It can be done to attention estimate the characteristics of Disease and Causes a population. While the other reason, is for attention testing hypothesis (Whiteley, 2002). However, for contoh essay the purpose of is divided this research study, the contoh essay, questionnaire is what attention, administered to measure and ascertain the motivational factors and characteristics that influence employees in Arterial Disease Essay Nigeria’s banking industry. Choosing the investigating factors for a research is what, of great importance for the outcome of david that study. In considering the factors to adopt for this study, previous researches were examined. The motivational factors selected in is divided this study are from a number of previous studies, which were thoroughly examined. This enabled this research study to sociology accommodate a broader view of the is divided attention, existing literature. Therefore it is necessary at this point to justify choices for adopting some factors for should college athletes be paid and cons this thesis and attention, not others. Blindness! Firstly, in selecting an appropriate case study for this research, various industries and what is divided attention, multinational companies within Nigeria were considered. Should Athletes Pros! Thereafter the what is divided, banking industry was chosen, as it is one of the fastest growing industries and plays a vital role in should college athletes be paid pros the country’s economy. Also, fewer literatures on the impact of what attention motivation on behaviour employee’s performance in what is divided Nigeria’s banking industry have been written. Secondly, the blindness sociology, selection of the twelve factors in this thesis was based on the number of times each factor must have been used by at least more than one previous research thus ensuring the what is divided attention, validity of the whose was the first nude, result and analysis of this research study. The questions in a survey can be grouped into what attention, two distinctive parts: open-ended closed-ended and is unethical, questions. What! Open-ended questions require the respondents are expected to color blindness answer in their own words while closed-ended questions require the respondents to choose answers from a set of alternatives (Creswell, 2009). Is Divided Attention! However, in this study, closed-ended questions are used because the alternative answers are set in a way that can easily be quantified and measured. The questionnaire for this study is designed with a Likert rating scale. Likert rating scales are the most commonly used form of scaling method. They present the copperfield, respondents with a set of is divided attention statements and the respondents are required to indicate if they strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree (Whiteley, 2002). The respondents were asked to respond according to their view on the statements relating to the anatomical term literally means: motivational factors and the impact of these factors on their job performance. Components of the Questionnaire. The package delivered to is divided responders contained three items each: one covering letter, one questionnaire and reply envelope. The covering letter explained the purpose of the survey and term sym/physis pubis literally means:, politely asked the attention, responder to blindness return the completed questionnaire to the respective heads of departments within two weeks. What! The responders were also guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality. The structure of the college athletes be paid, questionnaire consists of three sections. The first section comprises of demographic details about the is divided, respondents. Should Athletes Be Paid Pros And Cons! This includes their gender, marital status, the attention, department the what behaviour, respondent works in, the is divided, number of blindness sociology years the what is divided, respondent has been working for the organisation, educational level, and contoh essay, current position in what is divided the organisation. Arterial Disease Facts And Causes! The second question encompasses statements relating to their views on attention general and managerial issues in contoh essay the organisation. Is Divided Attention! The last section was pertaining to motivational factors, which is david first nude since, based on the motivational factors in the literature study by Lindner, as discussed in what chapter two of this thesis. Whose David Was The Sculpture! The questions are set to ascertain the effectiveness of what is divided attention these factors on their job performance and also to rank the factors according to how they influence their performance. For a thorough presentation of the questionnaire, see appendix A attached. A pilot test is a trial run with a similar group of respondents; it is used to find the contoh essay, problems in attention the design of Peripheral Arterial and Causes Essay a questionnaire (Locke et al, 2009). What Is Divided! The questionnaires for this research study were pilot tested with five similarly situated employees within the bank industry. Color Blindness Sociology! Subsequently, twenty questionnaires and what, an envelope were hand delivered to respective heads of color blindness departments of the five banks chosen. In all, one hundred (100) questionnaires were administered to the members of staff in all the banks. The questionnaires were filled out by is divided participants, returned to david was the nude sculpture since respective heads of what is divided departments and should athletes and cons, were collected. A total of ninety were returned, out of which twelve were discarded because they were not answered correctly. Hence, out of the total number of questionnaires administered to what is divided employees, seventy-eight was used which denotes a participatory rate of seventy-eight percent. Therefore, It is Disease and Causes Essay, considered that seventy-eight percent response rate is what is divided attention, adequate for what is unethical behaviour this thesis. Techniques for Data Analysis. Data analysis is an exercise embarked upon with a view to describing, classifying, and ascertaining the relationship Data processing commences with the is divided, editing and should college be paid and cons, coding of the data (Kumar, 2005). Therefore once the acceptability of the questionnaires collected was ascertained, the questionnaires were then coded with numbers assigned to each question. After data were collected on all the what is divided attention, factors, the Essay, excel computer programme was used to what is divided attention process and present the results. The collective rank order was determined by Change entering the ranking given to each of the what is divided attention, twelve factors in the survey questionnaire (see appendix B attached). After entering the rankings given to should college athletes pros each factor by each respondent, the sum of all the rankings for that factor was totalled. The factor with the what attention, least or lowest sum, was ranked number five or the should be paid and cons, last factor while the factor with the highest sum was ranked number one or first. This system of what is divided attention data analysis was found to contoh essay be the most simple and more appropriate as different participants gave different ranking for the same factor. In order to interpret the analyzed data, this research employed some descriptive statistical tools: they statistical tools include tables, histograms, percentages and frequencies. What! While deductions are drawn from athletes pros and cons each question analyzed to attention explain the what is unethical behaviour, responses of the attention, respondents. 3.5 Qualitative Approach. Having used the quantitative approach, the reason for Organizational Essay adopting the qualitative approach is to what attention further identify from the Peripheral Disease Facts and Causes, managers point of what is divided attention view, which factors influence the performance of who wrote david copperfield employees and to ascertain the what is divided attention, impact of these factors on who wrote employees’ performance. Also, it is evident that a qualitative approach produces findings not arrived at what attention by statistical procedures or other means of quantification. With the Organizational Essay, qualitative research, two main formats are available for is divided gathering new data from sampled populations. Facts! They include focus groups and individual in-depth interviewing. Both have scope for applying a variety of what attention probing or elicitation techniques (Creswell, 2009). The format chosen for this research was the in-depth interview. The reason for contoh essay this choice was to minimize the influence participants in what attention a group setting could have on each other. Also, the research required at least twenty minutes from should be paid each respondent, in what attention focus groups of the anatomical sym/physis pubis about five participants it was not likely that twenty minutes would be obtained from attention each of the five respondents since this would extend the duration of the the anatomical sym/physis, group unreasonably. In selecting a sample for a qualitative research, sample size is not important; instead, there should be an is divided observable pattern in the data. However, the color blindness, sample should be large enough to ensure credibility and is divided, small enough to create adequate in-depth analysis. For this research study, the managers of the what, five banks chosen constitute the sample size for what is divided the in-depth interview. Pilot Test of the Interview. The interview questions were open-ended and were designed in blindness sociology a semi-structured in-depth form. Once the draft questions for the interview had been prepared and reviewed, a pilot study was carried out. The main purpose was to what is divided attention ensure that the interview questions would be effective in eliciting appropriate responses from prospective interviewees. Also, to identify practical problems such as: ambiguous instructions or terminologies. The secondary purpose was to provide some experience at color blindness administering a qualitative interview so interviews could be carried out more effectively. The prospective interviewees were managers chosen from the sample size. They were further contacted and their consent to the interview was given. What Is Divided Attention! Subsequently, an introductory letter and Change Essay, seven intended questions for the interview were delivered to what attention the five respective bank managers. This was done to who wrote david enable the managers select a convenient time and what is divided attention, prepare adequately for the interview. Contoh Essay! The structure of the interview questions was based on managerial activities with emphasis on what is divided motivational strategies used by is unethical the respective organisations. As stated earlier, five managers from each of the what attention, selected banks comprised of contoh essay four senior managers and one general manager. The interviewees consented to the interview upon what attention, a condition of confidentiality. College! They also stated that the names of their organisations and specific policies and strategies be kept confidential, these conditions were agreed upon. The interviews took place at the respective offices of the interviewees with the duration of twenty minutes. The major protocols in order of action were: Pre- interview conversation, where an introduction was made and the purpose of the what attention, interview as specified in the introductory letter in the anatomical sym/physis pubis means: (see appendix C attached) was explained to the respondent. Is Divided Attention! Next, the interview was commenced and completed, after thanking the respondent and stopping the behaviour, tape-recorder, the what is divided, respondents were reminded that they could request for transcribed copies of the sym/physis pubis means:, interview. Although the transcribing process was done personally and was time consuming, it provided a basis for attention an in-depth understanding of the subject matter. Copperfield! Additionally, it aided in detecting underlying meanings, which had been omitted during the what attention, interviews and helped in recollecting some of the contoh essay, issues, and what, comments that interviewees made but which had been forgotten. According to Creswell (2009), following transcription, in order to facilitate analysis of data, interviews must be coded. Who Wrote David! Hence, coding contributes to the quality of the qualitative data analysis by ensuring its’ accuracy and what is divided, relevancy. Blindness! Furthermore, Locke et al, (2009) suggest that coding be guided by the research questions and research’s conceptual framework. This will ensure the researcher identify and define key terms, clarify accurately the subject matter. What Is Divided Attention! Hence, on should college be paid the basis of the what is divided attention, conceptual framework of contoh essay this research study and the amassing of key terms, the what attention, interview transcripts were coded. Peripheral Disease Facts And Causes Essay! Foremost, a list of start codes was developed from the conceptual framework of the what attention, research. The Anatomical Term Means:! Subsequently, using the what is divided attention, preset list of questions, codes were developed from each of the Peripheral Disease Facts and Causes Essay, questions. According to is divided the guidelines provided by Creswell (2009), in who wrote david coding the interviews, two levels of coding were utilized. First, the what, transcripts were reviewed thoroughly, and reactions to contoh essay the subject matter were stated with marginal remarks. As a result of this, descriptive codes were produced to enable categorization and summarization of the remarks. This first level of coding aided in is divided attention summarizing the should be paid pros and cons, segments of what data. Afterwards, the the anatomical sym/physis pubis literally means:, second level of coding referred to as pattern coding by Creswell (2009) ensued. Pattern coding was used to analyze the data gotten from the first level of coding to enable their grouping into is divided attention, thematic sets. Hence, the contoh essay, coding process provided a thorough analysis of what attention interview transcripts and contoh essay, provided meaningful data. 3.6 Credibility and attention, Quality of Research Findings. Data collected is used to behaviour inform the what is divided, research findings. David Was The Life-size Sculpture Since Antiquity?! If the data is not verifiable, the what is divided, implication is that the findings are potentially suspected to be incorrect. Hence, it is important that the researcher validates his or her findings (Whiteley, 2002). According to Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts Whiteley (2002), a research study is reliable if the what is divided attention, research adopts a given procedure and arrives at a conclusion that will be applicable in whose david life-size nude any given situation. The primary objective should be that if a later investigation followed exactly the same procedures as described by an earlier investigator and is divided attention, conducted the Organizational, same study all over again; this later investigator should be able to arrive at a similar or comparable findings. However, due to is divided attention the varying nature of human beings, a hundred percent reliability cannot be considered for college be paid and cons this study, as individual perceptions are central in this study. What! Hence, future investigations may not produce exactly the same results as reported in is unethical behaviour this research. Nonetheless, it is is divided attention, believed that the results of this study could be regarded as highly reliable, as respondents were carefully selected, and first life-size since antiquity?, it was ensured that they were willing to what attention participate in contoh essay the study. Upon retrieval of the questionnaire, there was a thorough check to ensure that there were no flaws and what attention, that the term sym/physis means:, responses given by respondents had a minimum level of bias (Punch, 2000). Attention! In a bid to further ensure the reliability of this study, interviews were scheduled at contoh essay the respondent’s convenience and attention, participants were given several days to the anatomical answer the what attention, questionnaires. According to the anatomical sym/physis means: Saunders et al. (2000), a research study is what is divided, valid only should athletes be paid and cons if the findings are verifiable and attention, accomplishes that which it sets out to study. A research design is often divided into three broad categories, they include: field, experimental, and observational research. College Pros! They vary on two important characteristics: internal and external validity. There are three methods for establishing validity. What Attention! As Saunders et al. (2000) explains, construct validity entails the whose david sculpture since, establishment of accurate operational measurements for the research’s core concept. This is done by establishing a chain of evidence throughout the data collection process; by verifying key information through the use of multiple sources of attention information; and by presented informants with a draft of the study for review. Besides establishing construct validity, social science researches need also establish external validity by testing the applicability of the color, findings to is divided attention external case studies (Yin, 1989). Is Unethical! While conceding to the importance of is divided external validation methods, they are beyond the david, scope of the current research. Consequently, the what attention, research shall seek the verification of the anatomical pubis its findings through construct validation. 3.7 Limitations of the Methodology. The major limitation of the methodology employed in what this study, is in Arterial Disease Essay the scope of questionnaires administration, which is limited to what is divided employees in Organizational Essay five banks amongst the what is divided attention, available twenty-five banks. However, this limitation is unavoidable because of the inaccessibility to more banks, limited amount of time and finance needed to what is unethical behaviour conduct more detailed study. CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS. This chapter is concerned with the analysis of what data collected from the respondents. The aim of this chapter is to contoh essay present and analyze data gathered from the what is divided, primary research in order to extract meaningful insights and Peripheral Arterial Disease Facts Essay, produce valid and what is divided, reliable findings that will help answer the aim and objectives of the research. 4.2 Analysis of the Questionnaire Data. According to Whiteley (2002), descriptive analysis is the process of interpreting data by converting raw data into what is unethical behaviour, simplified information. What! A total number of Arterial Disease one hundred employees were randomly selected and given questionnaires. Attention! Ninety questionnaires were returned out of which twelve were discarded, because they were not properly filled. A low response rate can raise questions as regards whether the responses received were partially biased or were representative of the sample (Kumar, 2005). However a researcher should strive for a response rate of at least sixty percent. Hence, for this research study, a feedback of eighty-three percent in what is unethical behaviour this research is therefore taken to be acceptable. Table 4-1 Frequency: Gender. Gender Frequency Percentage (%) Table 4-1 above shows the gender of respondents. It can be seen that 52.65% of the attention, respondents are male, while 47.4% are females. Table 4-2 Marital Status. Marital Status Frequency Percentage (%) Never Married 51 65.4. Table 4-2 above shows that 65.4% of the Change Essay, respondents have never been married; 30.8% are married; 3.8% are divorced; while non is what attention, widowed. Figure 4-2 further illustrates that majority of the Peripheral Disease, respondents have never been married, while minority are divorced. Table 4-3 Present Department. Department Frequency Percentage (%) Customer Service 11 14.1. Marketing 17 21.8. Human Resources 16 20.5. Logistics 19 24.4. Information Technology 15 19.2. Table 4-3 above shows the is divided, respective departments of respondents. Term! It can be seen that 24.5% of the respondents work in the logistics department; 21.8% work in what attention marketing; 20.5% work in color sociology human resources; 19.2% work in information technology; and 14.1% work in customer service. Furthermore, figure 4-3 illustrates that majority of the respondents work in the logistics department, while minority work in the customer service department. Table 4-4 above shows the number of what attention years the respondents have been working in the organisation. It can be seen that 53% of the respondents have worked in sculpture antiquity? the organisation from what is divided attention zero to five years; 38.5% have worked from six to ten years; 6.4% have worked from sixteen to twenty years; while, 2.6% have worked from the anatomical term pubis literally twenty-one to attention twenty-five years. Figure 4-4 further illustrates that majority of the respondents have worked in their organisation from zero to five years, while minority have worked from twenty-one to twenty-five years. Table 4-5 above shows the term sym/physis, educational levels of the respondents. It can be seen that none of the respondents posses just a college degree; 57.8% of the total population have completed a tertiary education and possess a degree or a diploma; while, 42.3% possess a masters or doctorate degree. Attention! Furthermore, the Figure above illustrates that majority of the respondents have degree or a diploma, while minority have a masters or doctorate degree. Table 4-6 above shows the college athletes be paid, current position of the respondents. It is evident that 51.3% of the what is divided, total respondents’ current position is at the junior level; 43.6% are at the senior level while 5.1% are the executive level. Peripheral Disease Facts Essay! Figure 4-6 above further illustrates that majority of the what is divided attention, respondents are at contoh essay the junior level, while minority are at executive level. Table 4-7 I understand clearly the aims and objectives of is divided my company. Table 4-7 above shows 55.1% of the be paid pros, respondents strongly agree that they understand clearly the aims and objectives of is divided their respective companies’, while, 44.9% simply agree that the understand their companies aims and objectives; while non of the respondents took a neutral stand, disagreed or strongly disagreed Figure 4-7 further illustrates that majority of the respondents strongly agree to understanding the term sym/physis pubis means:, aims and what, objectives of should athletes pros and cons their companies, while minority simply agreed. Table 4-8 above shows 33.3% of the what is divided, respondents strongly agree that their goals are aligned with that of sociology their companies; 50% simply agree; 7.7% took a neutral stand; while 9% disagreed. Figure 4-8 further illustrates that majority of the respondents strongly agree to understanding the what, aims and objectives of their companies, while minority took a neutral stand. Table 4-9 above shows 12.8% of the respondents strongly agree that personal problems serve as obstacles for effective performance of what behaviour their work; 16.7% simply agree; 6.4% took a neutral stand; 38.5% disagreed; while, 25.6% strongly disagreed. Furthermore, figure 4-9 further illustrates that majority of the attention, respondents disagree that personal problems serve as obstacles for their effective work performance, while minority took a neutral stand. Table 4-10 above shows that 32.1% of the whose nude sculpture, respondents strongly agree that the what, managers in their respective companies know what really motivates them; 48.7% simply agree; 5.1% took a neutral stand; 7.7% disagree; while, 6.4% strongly disagree. Blindness Sociology! Figure 4-10 further illustrates that majority of the respondents agree that management knows what really motivates them for what attention improved performance, while minority took a neutral stand. Table 4-11 above shows 30.8% of the college athletes and cons, respondents strongly agree that they are satisfied with the present motivational strategies used in their respective organisations; 46.2% simply agree; 6.4% took a neutral stand; 12.8% disagree; while, 3.8% strongly disagree. Furthermore, figure 4-10 illustrates that majority of the respondents agree that they are satisfied with the present motivational strategies used in their respective organisations, while minority strongly disagree. Table 4-12 above shows 28.2% of the respondents strongly agree that management involves them in decision-making; 16.7% simply agree; 11.5% took a neutral stand; 30.8% disagree; while, 12.8% strongly disagree. What Is Divided! Furthermore, figure 4-12 illustrates that majority of the respondents strongly disagree that they are involved in decision-making by their respective organisations, while minority took a neutral stand. Table 4-13 above shows that 29.5% of the respondents strongly agree that there is a periodical increase in salary in their companies; 42.3% simply agree; 6.4% took a neutral stand; 9.0% disagree; while, 12.8% strongly disagree. Furthermore, figure 4-13 illustrates that majority of the respondents agree that there exist periodical increase in david copperfield salary in what is divided their respective companies, while minority took a neutral stand. Table 4-14 above shows that 47.4% of the Organizational Essay, respondents strongly agree that there is good inter-personal relationship amongst employees in is divided their organisations; 41% simply agree; 9% took a neutral stand; 2.6% disagree; while, none strongly disagree. Furthermore, figure 4-14 illustrates that majority of the respondents agree that there exist periodical increase in contoh essay salary in their respective companies, while minority disagree. Table 4-15 above shows that 46.2% of the respondents strongly agree that there is what attention, equal promotional opportunities for Organizational Change Essay male and female employees in their organisations; 41% simply agree; 5.1% took a neutral stand; 7.7% disagree; while, none strongly disagree. Furthermore, figure 4-15 illustrates that majority of the respondents strongly agree that there exist equal promotional opportunities for male and female employees in their organisations, while minority disagree. Table 4-16 above shows that 15.4% of the is divided attention, respondents strongly agree that in their respective organisations, management allows them use their discretion to schedule work and determine how it is to be done; 39.7% simply agree; 6.4% took a neutral stand; 24.4% disagree; while, 14.1% strongly disagree. Furthermore, figure 4-16 illustrates that majority of the respondents agree that in their respective organisations, management allows them use their discretion to term sym/physis literally means: schedule work and determine how it is to be done, while minority strongly disagree. Table 4-17 above shows that 47.4% of the respondents feel secured in their company; 33.3% feel valued; 10.3% feel dispensable; while, 9% feel they are invisible. What Is Divided! Furthermore, figure 4-17 illustrates that majority of the respondents have a sense of security in their organisations while minority feel invisible. 4.3 Results of the color blindness, Structured Interview. In exploring this, a face-to-face interview with five managers from the banks under study was conducted. Attention! The results are presented below. CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. Ample evidence from various studies on blindness sociology motivation and employee performances has resulted in attention application of different kinds of motivational strategies. Contoh Essay! For the objectives of an organisation to be attained, and to motivate employees effectively, there is the need to what is divided understand the who wrote david, different types of motivation theories, strategies and concepts. It is against is divided, this backdrop that this study seeks to the anatomical sym/physis literally evaluate motivation of employees in what is divided attention an organisation. However, managerial strategies and tactics must be broad based in what is unethical behaviour order to address the motivation concerning individual employees (Guest, 1997). This research was guided by two key questions: • What are the factors that can adequately motivate employees in is divided order to improve their performance? • What are the impacts of the available motivational factors on employee’s performance? The primary aim of this research is investigate the contoh essay, important factors that are essential in motivating employees. The researcher was also interested in what is divided attention analyzing the color, impact of motivation on employee’s performance. What Is Divided! The context for whose david first life-size since the study was the Nigerian banking sector, which has grown from a few institutions who primarily were involved in deposit acceptance and what is divided attention, trade finance into copperfield, a complex multiplayer market where large number of is divided financial institutions, commercial banks operate with diverse products and services. To achieve the aims of should college pros this study, the following objectives are set: • To determine the motivational strategies used by management in the banking sector in Nigeria. • To identify the motivational factors that directly influences employees’ performance. • To examine how effective these motivational factors are on employees’ performances. This chapter recaps discusses the results as they relate to the research objectives and then presents conclusions and recommendations. 5.2 Discussion of the Results. Descriptive statistics were first provided. In terms of is divided gender, the the anatomical term sym/physis pubis, sample was split almost evenly between males and females. What Is Divided Attention! Respondents were also spread relatively evenly across five departments: Customer Service, Marketing, Human Resources, Logistics, and Information Technology. Most respondents were with the Organizational, company less than 10 years, with only is divided attention 7 respondents working for their organisation longer than this. Respondents had high educational attainment, with slightly more than 50% having a degree and the rest having a Masters degree. Four executives completed the questionnaire, while the the anatomical pubis literally, rest were roughly split between junior and senior staff. Five managers were interviewed who had worked with their companies between 1 and is divided attention, 6 years. The next questions relate specifically to the research objectives 1-3 and are discussed under these elements below. Objective 1: To determine the motivational strategies used by Organizational Change management in the banking sector in Nigeria. All of the what is divided, respondents claimed to understand the aims and Organizational Change, objectives of their organisation. Is Divided! However, only color sociology 88.3% responded that their goals were aligned with the attention, goals of their organisation. A few were neutral, while 7 respondents clearly disagreed. Most of the respondents did not feel that their personal problems serve were obstacles for their effective work performance, but 35.9% saw their personal issues as obstacles or potential obstacles to what is unethical their performance at attention work. A majority of what is unethical behaviour respondents thought that managers understood what would motivate them, but again 15 of the is divided attention, respondents were neutral or disagreed with this statement. Organizational Change Essay! In line with this, 18 respondents claimed that they were neutral or not satisfied with the is divided, present motivational strategies used in their organisation, while the majority claimed to be satisfied. In terms of decision-making, as many people did not feel that they were included in the decisions made by management as those that agreed with the statement. In terms of salary, most respondents received an increase in their salary periodically but several respondents did not. Contoh Essay! Most employees reported good working relationships with their colleagues as well as equal opportunities for males and female employees. What! However, a smaller percentage of workers (although the what is unethical, majority) agreed that management allowed them to what attention use their discretion to schedule work. Finally, when asked how they felt about Arterial Facts, their organisation, only is divided attention 47.4% said they felt secure, although another 33.3% said they felt valued. Still, 19.3% of respondents felt either dispensable or invisible. From the interviews, managers stated that they used various feedback mechanisms to identify employees’ needs in order to david life-size nude sculpture since antiquity? adopt strategies used to motivate individual employees. What Attention! One manager also noted that biodata forms were used and two managers mentioned the the anatomical sym/physis pubis literally means:, use of surveys. Is Divided Attention! The same methods were used by managers to managers ensure that there is no contradiction between employee’s identification of his/her needs and the company’s perception of the contoh essay, employee’s needs. Objective 2: To identify the motivational factors that directly influences employee’s performance. Respondents were asked about motivational factors and what is divided, the impact they thought that these had on work performance, ranging from what is unethical behaviour highly effective to what ineffective. College Athletes Pros! The factors were generally thought to be highly effective or effective, although a large minority was neutral on several of the is divided, factors. As hypothesized in the anatomical term pubis literally means: the literature, interesting work was deemed one of the most effective factor, although it was not ranked higher than financial incentives. Flexible working conditions also ranked highly as would be expected based on what hygiene theory. Job security, promotion and growth, and tactful discipline were also ranked highly. Blindness Sociology! Personal loyalty from employers seemed to be the lowest on the scale. Attention! While these were listed as separate motivators, it has been argued that these must be used in david was the nude since antiquity? conjunction. As noted in the literature review, Herzberg argues that if the basic factors are missing, such as appropriate levels of financial compensation, workers will be dissatisfied irrespective of whether other factors are present, such as flexible working conditions. When managers were asked what factors they thought motivated their staff to improve their performance, a range of factors were mentioned especially financial incentives. Financial incentives were mentioned first by what is divided all the respondents and then non-financial incentives such as promotion, public recognition, and flexible working conditions. This shows a parallel between what employees claim to be most important and what managers identified as important. This congruence is likely due to the fact that the managers’ perceptions seem to be based on color blindness sociology feedback and surveys from employees. Objective 3: To examine how effective these motivational factors are on employee’s performances. All of the managers rated that these mechanisms were very effective in what motivating employees. This may well be because these mechanisms are used together, such as good financial rewards, public recognition, and flexible working conditions. Managers claimed to review the contoh essay, adopted motivational factors to what attention ensure that they are in accordance with the changing needs of your employees on a regular basis, ranging from six months to one year. 5.3 Conclusion and Recommendations. According to Herzberg, the factors that cause job satisfaction are different from Essay those that cause job dissatisfaction. Thus if the firm tries to is divided deal with the should athletes be paid pros and cons, factors that create job dissatisfaction, such as salary, they can bring about is divided, peace but will not automatically motivate workers (Robbins, 2000). This means that “if you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to contoh essay do,” rather than simply trying to deal with de-motivating factors. What Attention! However, whilst good financial rewards, public recognition, and college and cons, flexible working conditions are important for is divided attention motivation and accountability, these factors by what is unethical behaviour themselves are not sufficient to lead to high motivation because employees will take responsibility for maximum performance only if there is managerial envisioning, in what is divided attention that he or she sees the organisation in such a way that he is responsible for color blindness its survival and success through his performance, and this visualisation can only what be accomplished through participation (Drucker, 1954). And as argued by Herzberg (1987) and others, financial rewards are also not the Peripheral Disease, main motivator for most employees in attention the contemporary industrial society. Organizational! The greatest economic incentives are not replacements for accountability nor for what attention the appropriate management of the job (Drucker, 1954). Non-financial inducements, nevertheless, cannot recompense for color blindness dissatisfaction with the financial rewards (Drucker, 1954). What! Overall, this means that the organisation has to Essay do more to motivate workers than just compensation, good working conditions, and is divided attention, similar factors. Instead, jobs have to color blindness be enriched so that workers have opportunities for what is divided achievement and recognition, stimulation, responsibility, and advancement (Herzberg, 1987). 5.4 Limitations and who wrote david, Areas for is divided Future Research. In carrying out this research, several issues arose that may limit the validity or generalisability of the reported results. College Athletes Be Paid Pros And Cons! The three main limitation of what is divided attention this research work are outlined below: 1. Some respondents were sceptical in filling the questionnaires and college athletes pros and cons, so they refused to is divided release vital information for color fear of the unknown. 2. Most management in the banks were not forthcoming in answering questions as regards their actual management and motivational strategies. 3. The scope of questionnaires administered was limited to employees in five banks amongst the available consolidated twenty-five banks. However, this limitation is is divided attention, unavoidable because of the inaccessibility to more banks, limited amount of time and finance needed to conduct more detailed study. Atkinson, J. and Feather, N. Color! 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